99. 
100. 
Tol. 
Borhegyi, Entry 85. For an anthropomorphic mushroom stone (Type B) represent - 
ing a woman with a metate, see Heim and Wasson, Entry 2, Pl XII, and Borhegyi, 
Entry 85, fig 3. 
SANDERS, WILLIAM T. “Ceramic stratigraphy at Santa Cruz, Chiapas, 
Mexico.” Papers of the New World Archaeological Foundation, No 13 (Publica- 
tion No 9). Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 1961, pp 16 and 28, 
fig 15), pl 6j. 
lustrates (fig 156, and pl. 6j.) and describes (p 16 and p 28) a Type E pottery mush- 
room fragment, found in the excavation of Trench 2, in level 4. The fragment is of a 
coarse-paste, unslipped, unburnished, thick-wall utility ware, subsequently named 
Chiapilla ware. Although only one fragment is illustrated (upside down), Sanders 
indicates (p 28) that there were several of these “mushroom” pots or “mushroom” 
vessels in Trench 2. The Chiapilla period at the Santa Cruz site is equated by Sanders 
with the Mid- or Late- Pre-Classic (s00 B.C. -o A.D.) Francesa and Guanacaste 
periods (IV-V) at the site of Chiapa de Corzo. Owing to the fact, however, that 
level 4, in Trench 2, was a disturbed level (see p 9), it is possible that the “mushroom” 
vessels are of the later Santa Cruz period, which is of late Pre-Classic or Proto- 
Classic (0 A.D. -200 A.D.) date. The specimens are now in the Regional Museum 
at Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas. 
Sapper, Cart. ‘‘Pilzformige Gétzenbilder aus Guatemala und San Salvador.” 
Globus, Vol 73, No 20, 1898, p 327. 
Illustrates and describes an anthropomorphic mushroom stone on a square base 
(Type C) from El Salvador, now in the Rietberg Museum in Ziirich (see Wasson and 
Wasson, Entry 1, Pl XLII; and Heim and Wasson, Entry 2, Pl XI). Sapper explores 
the function of these objects, citing Dr. Santiago F. Barbarena, then Director of the 
National Museum in San Salvador, who believes that mushroom stones represent 
phalli, and that the nine-pointed star, comprising the head-dress of the figure depicted 
on the mushroom stone, refers to the nine month pregnancy. (For a Type C efligy 
mushroom stone with a similar nine-pointed crown, found at Kaminaljuyu, see 
Kidder, Jennings, and Shook, Entry 92, fig 160f; reproduced as no 19 on Borhegyi’s 
chart cited above.) Sapper refutes Barbarena’s suggestion on the ground that the 
Pre-Columbian Maya Indians used a 20 month year, and that the wide cap of the 
stone in question does not resemble a phallus. He urges that comparative studies of 
these unusual objects be undertaken by archeologists. (See also Brinton’s reply to this 
article, Entry 88.) 
SrLer-SAcus, Carciur. Aufalten Wegen in Mexico und Guatemala. 2nd ed. 
Stuttgart: Strecker and Schréder Verlag, 1925. See pp 182-183. 
Illustrates (p 183) and describes (pp 182-183, 236-237) several plain and effigy 
tripod mushroom stones (Type D) located in private collections by Dr. Seler in the 
course of his famous reconnaissance trip to Guatemala and Mexico in 1895-96. 
These stones are reportedly from Chuchun and Los Diamantes on the Pacific Pied- 
mont area of Guatemala, and from Tecpan, Los Pastores, Pompeya, and El Portal in 
the Central Highlands. They are referred to as “stone seats.”” Some of the specimens 
described were donated to the Berlin Muscum in 1896, while others found their way 
to the American Museum of Natural History in New York (Cat nos 30/3122, 
30/5448 and 30/50449). 
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