Castle Park area in northwestern Colorado (Anderson, 
1959), although the present distribution of this race is 
even farther south in the southernmost Mexican states 
of Oaxaca and Chiapas. 
The most Zapalote Chico-like specimen which we were 
able to pick out of the Peabody Museum Collection from 
Fremont sites is from near Vernal, Utah, not far from 
Castle Park. This specimen matches very closely the ears 
from Castle Park which Anderson (1959) has called Zap- 
alote Chico, but its resemblance to Zapalote Chico is not 
convincing when it is compared with actual specimens of 
this race obtained through Dr. E. J. Wellhausen of the 
Rockefeller Foundation in Mexico (Plate X XVI). Any 
similarities which exist between the Castle Park maize 
and Zapalote Chico may stem from the fact that Zapa- 
lote Chico and our candidate, the Pima-Papago race, 
have some similarities in their ancestry, as pointed out 
by Mangelsdorf (personal communication). That is, Nal 
Tel, one parent of Zapalote Chico, is either related to or 
else is the actual precursor of Chapalote, which is one 
parent of Maiz Blando (Pima-Papago). Furthermore, 
both hybrid races involve teosinte introgression, coming 
by way of the race Tepecintle in the case of Zapalote 
Chico and coming in more directly during the origin of 
Maiz Blando from Harinoso de Ocho and Chapalote 
(see Wellhausen et al., 1952). 
ARCHAEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS 
This re-examination of the origin and spread of Maiz 
de Ocho has far-reaching implications for the archaeology 
of the Southwest, especially the Pueblo II expansion; 
for the beginnings of sedentary cultures in the Plains 
east of the Rocky Mountains; and for the development 
of cultures across the northern part of the United States 
as far as the Atlantic Ocean. Considering the very limited 
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