grades, distinguished partly by size and partly by color 
and purity for three primary uses: 1) smoking items, 
2) jewelry, 3) varnish. 
With the great tonnage of amber taken from the Bal- 
tic deposits, more opportunities for obtaining pieces with 
inclusions, seemingly so rare or lacking in other deposits, 
have been possible. The scientific importance of the in- 
clusions was recognized by the state corporation, so that 
pieces with inclusions were sorted and carefully saved for 
study. This resulted in the availability of material that 
otherwise would have been lost for investigation. Even 
in the case of the Baltic amber, the percentage of pieces 
that have obvious inclusions is relatively small. This 
points to the fact that inclusions depend upon the liquid 
resin’s being exposed in such a manner that insects or 
plant fragments might become incorporated. These con- 
ditions vary greatly with different kinds of trees as well 
as their habitat conditions. 
Faunal inclusions, particularly insects and spiders, are 
much more common than obvious plant remains. The 
insects have been studied exhaustively by many investi- 
gators, with the studies brought up to date by Anders 
(1942) as well as summarized by Bachofen-Echt (1949). 
Fifty-one percent of the known animal remains are flies, 
5% are bees and wasps, 6% mayflies, 5% beetles, and 
5% spiders. Some of these inclusions have botanical 
significance in that a few taxa indicate particular forest 
habitats. 
Between 1830 and 1987, approximately 750 specific 
names of plants and generic names without specific iden- 
tification appeared in such outstanding floristic works as 
those of Goeppert and Berendt (1845), Goeppert and 
Menge (1883), Conwentz (1886a, 1890) and Caspary 
and Klebs (1907), as well as in about 70 smaller contribu- 
tions. In a reevaluation of these taxonomic entities, 
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