lowland, tropical forms. He suggested that the climate 
was probably warmer during the early part of the exist- 
ence of the amber forest, and that the shift to a fauna 
typical of a cooler area is indicated by the later pre- 
dominance of boreal types. He did not deny, however, 
that in some instances the representation of ants might 
be due to coexistence of habitats at different altitudes. 
Wetzel (1953), on the basis of a pollen flora, presented 
evidence for an entirely different kind of amber forest in 
the Schleswig-Holstein area than in the areas to the east. 
He indicated that the forest in the western Baltic region 
was dominated by Sequoia, Quercus and Pseudotsuga 
in contrast to the eastern forests which were dominated 
by ‘‘Pinus and Abietineen types.’’ He further thought 
that these two forests occupied different land masses. 
Since the Schleswig-Holstein amber occurs in Miocene 
beds, he related these amber forests to the more extensive 
and better known Miocene brown coal forests, some of 
which contained Sequova. 
As with attempts to construct the composition of the 
amber forest, there has been much speculation regarding 
the trees which actually produced the great quantities 
of resin accumulated as amber. Despite the variety of 
coniferous genera represented in the inclusions, the 
general opinion has been that almost all of the amber 
was produced by pines. This conclusion has resulted 
largely from the association of resin with pieces of wood 
which were identifiable. Goeppert in 1858 distinguished 
eight amber-bearing species, but in 1883 he reduced this 
number to six species. In 1890, Conwentz included these 
six species of pine, as well as another species of pine and 
a species of Picea, within the inclusive concept of Pinus 
succinifera. In 1961, Schubert, after studying anatomi- 
cally wood and bark collected from the entire Samland 
shore, suggested that P. succinifera should include only 
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