Flathead names are included, and where possible, with their 
translations. These have been recorded from Flathead Indians 
from the Flathead Indian Reservation in western Montana. This 
would not have been possible without the help of Dr. Anthony 
Mattina, Salishan linguist at the University of Montana, though I 
have modified the symbols for ease of typing. A key to the 
orthography used is given in Appendix II. 
The list mostly describes plant species, their uses, and Flathead 
names. Abbreviated symbols to references are as follows: Ad 
(Adams, 1973); PB (Beaverhead, 1973); RD (Diettert, 1955); LP 
(Parker, 1973); AP (Pierre, 1973); JP (Pilko, 1973); MSS (Small 
Salmon, 1973); RS (Stubbs, 1966); T-H (Turney-High, 1937); AV 
(Vanderburg, 1973); CW (Woodcock, 1973). General methods of 
collection, preparation and the role of plants in Flathead culture 
are discussed in the section following the listings. Appendix Tis an 
index to the scientific names of plants mentioned in the text. 
Appendix III provides a listing of general botanical words used. 
FUNGI 
The pileus of a species of Armillaria, Collybia, and Russula was 
removed and the cap was boiled in a rich broth or was fried for 
eating (RS). A species of another kind found growing on Larix 
occidentalis was placed on aching teeth for relief (PB), and the 
spores of a species of Lycoperdon were rubbed on eyelids and 
cheeks of infants to induce sleep (RS,AY). 
LICHENS 
Alectoria sp. — (Black tree moss) 
Uncooked: shawtemgen (PB,AP,CW) 
Cooked: sqwu?a (PB): ‘baked’ 
This common species of black tree moss, actually a lichen, was 
soaked in water and then baked with camas or was baked sepa- 
rately. If baked separately, it was left in the fire pit only over one 
night. The resulting black, gelatinous material was either eaten 
with camas, or was sun dried, powdered and mixed with the sweet 
powder made from camas. A thick pasty substance was made by 
adding water, and was eaten more as a luxury food than as a 
staple (RS). Each family consumed about 25 pounds of this lichen 
each year (1-H). 
