RD, AV); it was used on baby rashes caused by excessive urina- 
tion(PB). The needles were placed on the stove as an incense (Ad, 
PB, AV) or hung on walls to give rooms a pleasant aroma (AV). 
The pulverized needles were also used to scent shawls (AP, CW) 
or were used as a body scent (PB). 
The finely powdered needles were also mixed in equal propor- 
tions with lard and applied to hair as an oil; it was noted to impart 
a fragrant evergreen scent and a greenish color to hair(Ad, PB). A 
mixture of the foliage or stems of Abies lasiocarpa, Artemesia 
ludiviciana, Ceanothus velutinus, Ligusticum canbyi and Ptero- 
spora andromeda was used to make a hair restorer (Ad). 
Larix occidentalis Nutt. (Western larch) 
Tree: caqwelsh (PB, AP, AV, CW) 
Boughs: chchqwelshelshp (PB) 
Hardened sap: sancemcem (PB) 
The hardened sap was collected from larch as well as from pine 
trees; it was chewed like gum (AP, RS, AY). 
A sweet syrup was made from the sap: it was collected from 
hollowed-out portions of the trunk and then was allowed to 
remain there for some time so that natural evaporation would 
concentrate the sugars (AP, RS, CW). The gummy sap was also 
used to plaster hair in place (RS). 
Pinus albicaulis Engelm. —-(Whitebark pine) 
The seeds were eaten (RD), and presumably were prepared as 
were the seeds of Pinus monticola. 
Pinus contorta Dougl. (lodgepole pine) 
qweqwelit (PB, AP, AV, CW) 
A medicine for burns was made from this pine. The resin was 
heated ina can until it turned black. One part of bone marrow was 
added to four parts of heated resin and mixed until no longer 
sticky. This was then molded into flat cakes and placed on burns 
(PB). 
A mixture of axle grease, Climax Chewing Tobacco and resin 
was applied to boils (PB). The pitch was chewed like gum. The sap 
and cambium from the peeled bark were eaten, though in small 
268 
