quantities as too much was thought to cause a bellyache. And the 
preferred tepee poles were fashioned from the slender trunks of 
this tree (AP, RS, CW). 
Pinus monticola Doug]. — (White pine) 
Green cones were put into a fire, removed after they had 
opened, and the roasted seeds eaten (RS). 
Pinus ponderosa Dougl. — (Ponderosa pine) 
sa?atkwlishp (Ad, PB, LP, JP, AV, 
CW) 
Ponderosa pine had several medicinal uses. The warmed resin 
was placed on boils and a leaf of Berberis repens was placed over 
it until it broke (Ad). For dandruff, the pointed ends of the 
needles were jabbed into the scalp (MSS). The heated needles 
were placed on the abdomen of expectant mothers to help deliver 
the placenta (T-H). The pitch, heated and mixed with melted 
animal tallow, was applied with a piece of canvas for rheumatism 
and backache (RS). 
The sap from ponderosa was preferred more than any other 
conifer. The bark was peeled in late April or early May when the 
sap was running. An incision made with a knife or axe prior to 
peeling was made to test the flow and sweetness of the sap. The rib 
bone of a buffalo or elk was used to peel the bark, as its natural 
flexibility and curavature facilitated its being worked under the 
bark. Once removed, the bark was scraped on the inside to 
remove the edible cambium and sap (RS). 
The seeds were also eaten; they were prepared as were those of 
Pinus monticola (RS). 
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco — (Douglas fir) 
cgelshp (PB, AV) 
A tea made from the needles was drunk for colds (RS). The 
rotten wood was used to smoke hides (AV). 
TAXACEAE 
Taxus brevifolia Nutt. — (Western yew) 
ckwncha (PB, LP) ‘bow-wood’ 
269 
