The wood was used to make bows (PB, RD). Boiled sinew or 
muscle was used to varnish the well-seasoned wood to waterproof 
it and to prevent it from warping (PB). 
ANGIOSPERMAE 
Monocotyledonae 
Cy PERACEAE 
Scirpus acutus Muhl. — (Bulrush) 
tkwtin (PB) 
The stems were used for tying tents together or for braiding 
mats or rugs (RD). 
GRAMINEAE 
Elymus cinereus Scribn. & Merr. —(Ryegrass) 
pspsnewlsh (PB); pa?pa?a 
(LP) 
Young Indian boys once placed hawthorn points on these 
shoots; they were used as play spears to inflict pain on one 
another in preparation for warfare:(PB). 
Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. — (Sweetgrass) 
sxesestiye?e (Ad, PB, AP, 
AV, CW) 
The aromatic properties of sweetgrass were well known to the 
Flatheads. The blades were braided into three ply ropes and 
placed in suitcases with clothes to give them fragrance (AP, RS, 
CW); or the aroma was imparted to clothes by burning sweetgrass 
beneath them (RS). It was believed that this treatment would 
keep bugs away (AP, C W). Sweetgrass was also burned on stove 
tops as incense (Ad, AV). 
An infusion of sweetgrass was drunk for colds, fevers (Ad, AV) 
and to alleviate sharp pains inside (PB). It was also mixed with the 
seeds of Thalictrum occidentale and made into a tea drunk for 
colds (RS). 
