ERICACEAE 
Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. — (Kinnikinnick) 
Plant: skwlselshp (PB, 
AP, JP, AV, CW): ‘red 
plant’ 
Fruit: skwulis (PB, 
LP,- AP, AV, CW): 
‘red? 
The fruit was eaten raw (RS), fried and eaten (RS, AV), or 
boiled with sugar and made into a broth (AP, CW). The dried 
berries were not dried and stored since other berries could have 
been gathered from the shrub at anytime during the winter, thus 
serving as a hedge against starvation (RS). 
The powder from the pulverized fruit was sprinkled on liver as 
a condiment; it could also be mixed with lard for eating (RS). 
The powder from the pulverized leaves was used on burns to 
help promote rapid healing (AP, RS, CW). A tea made from the 
leaves was drunk for colds and coughs (AP, CW). For earaches, 
smoke from the leaves was inhaled from a pipe and then blown 
into the aching ear with the detached pipestem (RS). 
The leaves were dried in an oven or sweathouse (JP), and mixed 
with tobacco for smoking (Ad, PB, RD, AP, JP, RS, AV, CW). It 
was also smoked with the dried bark of red willow (probably 
Cornus stolonifera), or the dried roots of Veratrum viride or 
Osmorhiza occidentale. 
Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Bart. — (Prince’s pine) 
schxelxelpu (Ad, PB, JP): 
‘eye brightener’ 
A decoction of the leaves was employed as an eyewash for sore 
eyes, especially due to heat, smoke, or perspiration (Ad, PB, JP). 
The leaves, after drying in a sweathouse, were smoked (PB). 
Ledum glandulosum Nutt. — (Labrador Tea) 
schtxwe liti (PB, AP, AV, CW): 
‘mountain tea’ 
An infusion of the leaves and twigs was employed as an eye- 
wash (Ad). 
