used for itchiness and sores (RS, AV), or used as a hair restorer 
(RD). 
Ranunculus glaberrimus Hook. — (Buttercup) 
schiniyalmn (PB, AP, AV, 
CW) 
The plant was crushed and placed within a piece of canvas or 
buckskin and applied as a poultice for burn blisters and open 
running sores (RS, AV). PB, however, recognized it to be poison- 
ous and cautioned against such usage. 
Thalictrum occidentale Gray — (Meadowrue) 
pxwcu (AV): pertains to ‘smell’ 
The dried seeds were boiled to make a tea for colds, chills, and 
fevers (RS, AV). Sometimes Hierochloe odorata was boiled with 
the seeds to make a more effective medication (RS). 
The dried seeds were chewed until pulverized and were rubbed 
on the hair and body as a perfume (RS). 
RHAMNACEAE 
Ceanothus velutinus Doug]. — (Buckbrush) 
kwelitchiyelshp (Ad, PB, AP, 
AV, CW) 
A salve made by mixing the dried and powdered leaves with 
lard or grease was applied to burns and sores (RD, RS). The 
leaves were also used alone as a poultice (AP, CW). 
Rhamnus purshiana DC — = _(Cascara) 
cheqwiqwisa (Ad): pertains to 
‘belch* 
An infusion of the bark was drunk as a laxative (Ad, PB, AV). 
Some Flatheads believed that if the bark was whittled upward in 
making the tea, then it would act as an emetic, but if the bark was 
whittled in a downward fashion, then the medicine acted as a 
purgative (Ad, AV). 
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