by Lindley between 1830 and 1840, only now begins to 
penetrate our comprehension in the light of the recent 
advances in anthecology. Although anthecology has its 
beginning with NK6lreuter in 1761, its role in population 
dynamics has been recognized only during the past 50 
years; its importance in systematic biology only now is 
starting toemerge. The “‘lynx-eyed”’ Lindley, as Reich- 
enbach used to call him, was indeed much ahead of his 
time, for the pollinating mechanisms in the monopodial 
orchids are deeply anchored in the inner construction of 
the nectariferous lips. Actual field data on pollinators 
and pollination, however, are still wanting in this branch 
of the orchid family. 
Regarding the systematic arrangements of the genera, 
Bentham emphasized a dichotomy through the recogni- 
tion of the presence of a column-foot or the absence of 
it, a distinction also upheld by Schlechter. This criterion, 
however, as shown by Summerhayes and Holttum, is 
applicable only to extreme situations. As a matter of 
fact, in several instances, as in Omoea, Papillilabium, 
and Duastervillea, it is quite impossible to state with 
accuracy whether the column is produced in a long foot 
and the sides of the lip adnate to it or the column is foot- 
less with a long-spurred lip adnate to it without articu- 
lation. At the same time in Rhynchostyls we find both 
types of column, @.e., with a foot and without a foot; 
the latter type has been elevated by Schlechter to a dis- 
tinct genus, Anota, which he placed in his system far 
removed from its natural relationships. Because of these 
and similar inadequacies, both J.J. Smith and Holttum 
shifted the emphasis to the number and structure of pol- 
linia in denoting phyletic lines. In that Holttum recog- 
nizes four possible conditions: 1, two pollinia, each 
slightly cleft; 2, four pollinia in two pairs, the members 
of a pair fitting together and looking like one; 3, four 
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