medicinals, or cosmetics found at domestic, agricultural, religious 
or other types of archaeological sites could be identified by 
elemental pattern; with the residue being related to a source 
(ancient or modern) displaying the same pattern of elements 
similar to the matching of a blood or tissue type. 
This Trace Typing of archaeological residues within the 
perimeter of a site can be accomplished by the following method. 
TRACE TYPE METHODOLOGY 
1. Establish perimeter of the site utilizing: 
a. Direct observation 
b. LAND SAT 
c. Infrared spectrometry or photometry. 
d. Search for anomolous concentrations in the leaf canopy 
such as that used in biogeochemical prospecting. 
2 Feature location utilizing a larger rectangular grid of 5 x 5 
meters or a relative size appropriate to the site and 
testing for: 
a. Magnetic anomalies (magnetometer) 
b. pH (probe:meter) 
c. Conductivity (probe:meter) 
d. Phosphates (chemical field kit) 
e. Total Organic Carbon (laboratory or field lab) 
Plot these results and produce contour maps. 
3. Where anomalies occur, such as: 
a. Low pH 
b. High magnetic anomaly 
c. High phosphate 
d. High conductivity 
e. High total organic carbon (TOC) 
Take additional samples in these areas of anomaly. At this 
point, the grid size and the sampling strategy can be 
changed, as well as using 1 3-D sampling array. This will 
give the structure of tie features through chemical 
detection. 
4. The Trace Typing of organic residues or soils from features 
should be done with particular reference to the major 
essential biogenic elements with Jow mobility namely P, 
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