occurs in central Mexico and near the Rio Grande in southern 
Texas. 
More than 30 alkaloids and their amine derivatives have 
been isolated from Lophophora Williamsii, belonging mainly to 
the B-phenylethylamines and the biogenetically related simple 
isoquinolines (Kapadia and Fayez 1970). The £-phenylethyl- 
amine mescaline (XIX) is exclusively responsible for the visual 
hallucinations; its derivatives, N-methylmescaline and N-acetyl- 
mescaline, are apparently not active. Hordenine, another p- 
phenylethylamine, is also present in peyote. Peyonine, a 
novel B-phenylethylpyrrole, was recently isolated from this cactus, 
pharmacology of this derivative of mescaline, or its precursors, 
has not yet been reported (Agurell 1969; Reti 1950). Mescaline 
has been reported in Lophophora diffusa (Bruhn and Holmstedt 
1974). 
CH,O 
CH,O roa 
OCH, 
XIX 
Ariocarpus Scheidw. 
N-methyltyramine, 3,4-dimethoxy-N-methylphenylethylamine 
and 3,4-dimethoxy-N,N-dimethylphenylethylamine, are reported 
in Ariocarpus scapharostrus Boedeker (Bruhn 1975a). Several 
species of Ariocarpus—A. fissuratus (Engelm.) Schum. and A. 
retusus Scheidw.—are known as false peyotes and may oc- 
158 
