Asia; and Stropharia, likewise almost cosmopolitan, ranges 
through North America, the West Indies and Europe. 
Leguminosae 
Anadenanthera Speg. 
The New World snuff prepared from beans of Anadenanthera 
(Piptadenia) peregrina (L.) Speg., is known in the Orinoco basin 
of Colombia and Venezuela, centre of its present use, as yopo. It 
represents probably the cohoba encountered in Hispaniola by 
Columbus’ second voyage in 1496 (Safford 1916a). Von Hum- 
boldt, Spruce and other explorers who mentioned it were all 
astonished by its hallucinogenic potency. 
The beans of this medium-sized tree, usually roasted, are 
crushed and mixed with ashes or calcined shells. The powder is 
ceremonially blown into the nostrils through bamboo tubes or 
snuffed individually through bird bone tubes (Carias-Brewer et 
al. 1976). The intoxication is marked by fury, followed by an 
hallucinogenic trance and eventual stupour (Granier-Doyeux 
1965). 
Five indoles have been isolated from Anadenanthera pere- 
grina, chief of which are N,N-dimethyltryptamine (XXV) and 
bufotenine (5-hydroxy-N,N,-dimethyltryptamine) (XXVI) (Fish 
et al. 1955; and Schultes 1970c, 1976a). Other indoles found in 
this species are 5-methoxy-N,N,-dimethyltryptamine (XXVI]), 
N,-methyltryptamine (XXVIII) and 5-methoxy-N,-methyltryp- 
tamine (XXIX). 
Ro RR 
XXV H CH, CH, 
XXVI HO CH, CH, 
XXVII CH, CH, CH; 
XXVIII H H CH, 
X XIX CH,O H CH 
170 
