Ecuador as oco-yajé. The natives add the leaf to heighten and 
lengthen visions. Recent examinations indicate that D. Cabre- 
rana has in its leaves and stems N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 
traces of two other narcotically utilized compounds, N,N- 
dimethyltryptamine and traces of other tryptamines (N,-methyl- 
tryptamine; 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine; and N,-methyl- 
tetrahydro-B-carboline (XXX) (Agurell et al. 1968a and b; Der 
Marderosian et al. 1968; Poisson 1965). Tryptamines have 
apparently not hitherto been reported from the Malpighiaceae. 
CH 
Hi 3 
XXX 
Myristicaceae 
Virola Aubl. 
Hallucinogenic snuffs are prepared in northwestern Brazil and 
adjacent Colombia and Venezuela from the reddish bark “resin” 
of trees of Virola, a genus of 60 to 70 species of Central and 
South America. The species employed have only recently been 
identified (Schultes 1979a, 1979b) as V. calophylla Warb. and V. 
calophylloidea Markgr. in Colombia and V. theiodora (Spr. ex 
Benth.) Warb. and V. elongata (Spr. ex Benth.) Warb. in Brazil 
(Carias-Brewer and Steyermark 1976; Maia and Rodrigues 
1974b,c; Schultes 1954; Schultes et al. 1969; Schultes and 
Holmstedt 1968; Seitz 1967). The most intense use of this snuff, 
called yakee; paricd, epena, and nyakwana, centers among the 
Waikas of Brazil and Venezuela. In Colombia, only witch 
172 
