utilized in preparing takini have been identified as H. tomentosa 
(P. & E.) Rusby and H. pedunculata Ben. (Buckley et al. 1973). 
One chemical report on some constituents of takini bark has 
appeared, but the authors indicate uncertainty concerning the 
botanical classification of their plant material (Bick and Clezy 
1958). 
Extracts prepared from the inner bark of both of the afore- 
mentioned species have now been pharmacologically evaluated 
and both are reported to elicit central nervous system depressant 
effects in mice and rats, and certain of the effects are described 
as similar to those expected with Cannabis sativa (Buckley et al. 
1973). Because of the close taxonomic relationship of Helico- 
stylis to Cannabis (which is classified by some botanists in the 
Moraceae), one might expect similar types of chemical constitu- 
ents in both genera. Whether or not the effects are due to the 
presence of cannabinoids remains to be determined. 
Maquira Aubl. 
An Amazon jungle tree, Maquira (Olmedioperebea) sclero- 
phyila (Ducke) C. C. Berg, represents one of the most poorly 
understood hallucinogens. The fruits reputedly are the source of 
an intoxicating snuff employed formerly by Indians of the 
Pariana region of central Amazonia (Schultes 1970c). A study 
has been reported in which water and ethanol extracts of 
Olmedeoperebea (Maquira) calophyllum (P. & E.) C. C. Berg 
wood were devoid of Cannabis-like activity in several types of 
animal tests, even at doses 10 times those required for C. sativa 
to demonstrate such effects (Carlini and Gagliardi 1970). These 
authors indicate that they are continuing their studies with 
extracts of M. calophyllum and M. sclerophylla leaves and 
flowers, but their results have not as yet been published. 
Solanaceae 
Brunfelsia L. 
Only recently has reliable evidence of the narcotic use of 
Brunfelsia come to light, and further field work is needed to 
establish the extent of this use. Several vernacular names suggest 
that the intoxicating properties have long been valued (Schultes 
1967). B. grandiflora D. Don and B. Chiricaspi Plowm. are 
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