frequently added to the narcotic drink prepared from Banisteri- 
opsis (Plowman 1973). A species described as B. Tastevinii Ben. 
is reputedly utilized by the Kachinaua of the Brazilian Amazon 
to prepare an hallucinogenic drink, but this report needs 
confirmation (Schultes 1970c). Preliminary studies have failed 
to disclose any chemical constituent in the genus which might be 
hallucinogenic. 
Brunfelsia is a tropical American genus of some 25 species, 
and is somewhat intermediate between the Solanaceae and 
Scrophulariaceae. 
Iochroma Benth. 
The occasional use of tea of the leaves and bark of /Jochroma 
fuchsioides (HBK.) Miers as an hallucinogen has been estab- 
lished amongst the Kamsa Indians of Sibundoy in southern 
Colombia. In the “old days”, according to shamans, it was used 
much more frequently, but to-day, because it is highly toxic, its 
use is restricted. 
This shrub is known as flor de quinde (“hummingbird flow- 
er”), nacadero, paguanda and, in Kamsa, totubjansuch. It is also 
occasionally referred to as borrachero, a common name for 
many intoxicants (Schultes 1977b). 
Chemical studies have not yet been carried out on any species 
of Jochroma. 
Petunia L. 
Petunia (shanin in Ecuador) has been reported as an hallu- 
cinogen in South America; it is said to induce feelings of 
levitation (Haro A. 1971). 
Interest in Petunia as a possible hallucinogen appears now to 
be unwarranted, based on an erroneous literature report which it 
has not been possible to substantiate. Preliminary investigations 
show no alkaloids with Dragendorff’s reagent (Butler, Robinson 
and Schultes 1981). 
Sapindaceae 
Ungnadia Endl. 
Archeological findings suggest that Ungnadia speciosa Endl. 
seeds may once have been employed as an hallucinogen in 
Mexico and the Trans-Pecos, Texas (Adovasio and Fry 1976). 
185 
