the last to be composed. There is a verse in these hymns that 

 speaks of the substitutes. That hymn may well have been com- 

 posed centuries earlier: 



RgVcda X 85.3: One thinks one drinks Soma because a plant is 



crushed. 

 The Sonia that the Brahmans know 

 that no one drinks. 



This conforms to our present thinking: the scarcity of Soma was 

 not to be explained by the spread of the Aryans southward, then 

 eastward down the Yamuna and beyond the confluence with the 

 Ganges. The scarcity had always existed, and the make-do sub- 

 stitutes had been a chronic problem. 



MEMORANDUM 



BY WALPOI.A RAHUL A OF THE EARLY SOURCES 



FOR THE MEANING OF SUKARAMADDA VA 



SUKARAMADDAVA 



The original Canonical Pali passage from the Mahaparinibhanasuna 

 of the Dli^hanikaya. Pali Text Society edition (London 1966), Vol. IL 

 p. 127: 



Atha kho Cundo kammaraputlo tassa rattigya accaycna sake 

 nivesanc panUam khadaniyam bhojaniyam pati\adapctva pahu- 

 lan ca sukaramadda\amRhaga\ato kalam arocapesi: 'Kalo bhante, 



nitthitam bhattan'ti. 



* * 



Translation: 



Then at the end of that night. Cunda, the smith, having made 

 ready in his house hard and soft dehcious food, and also a big 

 qiiantitv o{ Sukaranunhlava, announced the time to the Exalted 

 One, saying: The time. Lord, has come, the meal is ready.' 



In explaining sukaraniaddava in this passage the Pali Commen- 

 tary of the Dighanikaya, sunianga/avi/asini, Pali Text Society 

 ed. (London 1971), Vol. 11, p. 568, gives three different opinions: 



244 



