Common namh; "Arco-de-pipa," a name that is also applied 

 to Erythroxyluni pulchrum St. Hi!., a common tree species 

 around Rio de Janeirg. 



Rhlationshifs: Erythroxyluni occulturn belongs to section 



Archery throxylufih a group that is well represented in southeast- 

 ern Brazil with more than 20 species. Whereas its specific rela- 

 tionships are less clear, it appears to be related to both £. 

 vacciniifolium Mart, (including E. aniplifo/ium [Mart.] O. E. 

 Schulz) and E. cuspidifolium Mart, (including £. exaUatum 

 Bong, ex Peyr.), shrubs or small trees occurring in montane 

 forests and restingas of the Serra do Mar. Erythroxyluni vacci- 

 niifolium differs from E, occulturn in having plane, more coriace- 

 ous leaves with dense and prominent venation, ramenta much 

 larger than the stipules, coriaceous and up to 5 mm. long, a 

 denticulate staminal cup and a smaller fruit (8-1 1 mm. long vs. 

 1 1-14 mm. long). Erythroxyluni cuspidifolium differs in having 

 larger (50-120 mm. long), apically acuminate leaves, smooth 

 stipules, and flowers produced in dense fascicles at the tips of 

 short shoots. Erythroxyluni occultum also may be confused with 

 species that have been placed in closely related sections (fide 

 Schulz. 1907) and that also occur in the environs of the city of Rio 

 de Janeiro. It differs from E. cryptanthum O. E. Schulz (sect. 

 Megalophyllum) in having much smaller leaves (25-55 mm. vs. 

 50-105 mm. long), fimbriate stipules and longer pedicels (5-6 

 mm. vs. 2-3 mm. long); from £. cincinnatum Mart. (sect. Micro- 

 phyllum) in its arborescent habit and in having the leaves dull on 

 the lower surface, fimbriate stipules, more lax and fewer ramenta, 

 longer pedicels (5-6 mm. vs. 1-2 mm. long) and an entire staminal 

 cup; and from E. pulchrum St. Hil. (sect. Leptogramme) in 

 having smaller leaves (25-55 mm. vs. 65-1 12 mm. long), shorter 

 (1.2-2.3 mm. vs. 4-5 mm. long), fimbriate stipules and fewer 

 flowers per node (1-2 vs. 6-20). 



Erythroxylum(sect. Archerythroxylum) hypoleucum Plowman, 

 sp. now 



Arbor parva ramulis crassis griseis, innovationibus cera vesti- 

 lis. Stipulae subcoriaceae, persistentes, estriatae, minute 2-setu- 

 losae. Folia breviter petiolata; laminae ellipticae, oblongae vel 



280 



