were illustrated by Towle (1961, Plate IV: 5); from the Yauca 

 Valley (Late Horizon, Plates 35 and 36); from Monte Grande in 

 the Rio Grande Valley and in the environs of Nazca ("Cultura 

 Nazca"); from the Taruga Valley (Plates 33 and 34) and Ocucaje 

 (Late Horizon) and at Chacota near Arica in northermost Chile 

 (Inca Period). 



Griffiths (1930) has made the only detailed anatomical study 

 of archeological coca leaves from a grave at Nazca. Based on 

 comparison with commercial coca leaves, she concluded that 

 they belonged to the variety then known as "Peruvian" coca, an 

 earlier pharmaceutical trade name for Trujillo coca. Our re- 

 examination of her data and illustrations confirm the identity of 

 her specimens as Trujillo coca, although we have not located her 

 original material. Griffith's leaf illustrations conform entirely to 

 our typological concept of Trujillo coca in both qualitative and 

 statistical aspects of foliar size, form, venation and anatomy. 



Towle (1952) reported "leaf tissue found rolled into a quid" in 

 a mummy bundle from the Paracas Necropolis on the southern 

 coast of Peru and noted that it "would suggest the leaves of coca 

 {Erythroxylum Coca Lam.)." Towle was apparently unfamiliar 

 with Griffith's earlier study and did not have authentic material 

 of Trujillo coca for comparison. She concluded that the leaf 

 fragments were "too small and brittle" to permit their botanical 

 identification. 



Coca endocarps from Nazca were identified by Griffiths (loc. 

 cit.) as Trujillo coca, whereas those found at Vista Alegre were 

 referred to ''Erythroxylum Coca" by Towle (1961). More 

 recently, endocarps were excavated at Chilca (Late Intermediate 

 Period) by Jeffrey Parsons (pers. comm.). Although not 

 included in the present study, all archeological coca endocarps 

 which we have examined are referable to Trujillo coca. 



In the present contribution, we examine the leaf morphology 

 and anatomy of available archeological leaf specimens and 



f 



America 



material 



952), it is essential to consider in d 



301 



