venation and epidermal patterns were made for all specimens, 

 using a Wild dissecting microscope with a drawing attachment. 

 Several black and white photomicrographs of high order leaf 

 venation, in both archeological and recent specimens, were 

 made with a Zeiss photomicroscope, either with or without 

 polarizing filters. 



RESULTS 



Archeological Leaf Specimens {Erythroxylum novogranatense 

 var. truxillense) 



LEAF form: Leaves are relatively small in size, ranging from 

 23-40 mm. in length and 6-16 mm. in width. The leaf blade 

 shape is mostly lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or slightly ob- 

 lanceolate. Leaf bases are typically cuneate, with acute and 

 conspicuously mucronulate apices. The central panel, demarc- 

 ated by abaxial (on lower surface), longitudinal lines along 

 either side of the midvein, is usually faint or sometimes absent, 

 but may be prominent and enclose a finer reticulum of less 

 conspicuous venation when compared with the exmedial (outer) 

 portions of the leaf blade. 



LEAF venation: The primary vein (midvein) is moderately thick 

 and follows a straight course from the leaf base to the apex. The 

 basic vein pattern is only slightly variable, ranging between the 

 eucamptodromous and brochidodromous configurations, with a 

 festooned system of higher order, intramarginal, loop-forming 

 veins (Plate 37). 



The basic vein patterns derive their appearance from the 

 course and behavior of the secondary veins, in relation to one 

 another, the midvein and the leaf margin. Each leaf contains 

 from 7-15 slender, secondary veins which typically diverge from 

 the midvein at moderately to widely acute angles (45-80"^) and 

 follow a sinuous or smoothly upcurving course as they approach 

 the leaf margin. These secondary veins then either (1) taper into 

 a system of festooned, high order, intramarginal loops along the 

 outer flanks of the superadjacent secondary veins (eucampto- 

 dromous) or (2) recurve towards the midvein and join the outer 

 flanks of the superadjacent secondary veins to form a series of 



304 



