78 A MANUAL OF AMERICAN CAND SHELLS. 



Eelix costata, Muixer, rid. Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv., i, 366. 



Vallonm minuta, Mouse, Jonrn. Portl. Soc, i, 21, figs. 54-56; pi. viii, fig. 57 (1864). — 



Tkyox, Am. Journ. ConcL., iii, 36 (1867). 

 Vallonia jmlchella, W. G. Binney, T. M., v, 344. 



A circumpolar species, common to the three continents. From Can- 

 ada East to Nebraska and Florida, in the Eastern Province, to New 

 Mexico, in the Central Province, as well as in Nevada, Idaho, Ari- 

 zona, and Colorado. 



The strongly ribbed variety .( V. vostata) has been found in large num- 

 bers in Kansas, and at Cincinnati and Philadelphia, and in Nevada. 



Jaw and lingual membrane described above. 



Genitalia figured by Lehmann (Lebenden Schnecken, Plate XI, Fig. 

 30). Penis sac cylindrical, receiving the vas deferens and retractor 

 muscle at its apex ; genital bladder globose, large, on a long narrow 

 duct; opposite the entrance of the latter into the vagina is a small sac- 

 like receptacle for a dart. 



The Museum of Comparative Zoology has a reversed individual. 



Family PUPID^. 



PUPA. (See below. i 

 Pupa iiiiiscoriini, Linn. 

 riG^4o. Shell perforate, cylindrical, subfusiform, obtuse at both 



extremities; epidermis dark chestnut- color or bay; whorls 

 6 to 7, rounded, the anterior 4 of about equal diameter; 

 suture deep; aperture lateral, nearly circular, small, its di- 

 ameter equal to two-thirds of the diameter of thelast whorl, 

 ?| a thin, testaceous deposit forming a thickened margin inter- 

 5^ nally, sometimes bearing an obtuse tubercle; upon the 

 parietal wall is a single tubercle; transverse margin sub- 

 reflected ; peristome slightly retiected. Length, 4'"'" ; 



Pupa muscorum, ' '■ o . o i ? 



enlarged. breadth, 1*™™. 



Pupahadia, Adams, I'ost. Jourii. Nat. Ilist., iii, 331, pi. iii, fig. 18; Shells of Ver- 

 mont, 157.— Gould, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii, 404; iv, 360.— DeKay, N. Y. 

 ^ Moli., 49, pi. iv, fig. 45.— Chemnitz, ed. 2, 117, pi. xv, figs. 25-29. — Binney, 

 Terr. Moll., 323, pi. Ixx. fig. 3.— W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv, 142. 



Pupa muscorum, LiNN.EUS, part, Pfeiffek, Mou. Hel. Viv., iv, 666, &c. — W. G. 

 Binney, L. & Fr.-W. Sh., i, 234 (1869); Terr. MoU., v, 197. -Gould and 

 Binney, Invert of Mass., eil. 2, 433 (1870). 



Pupilla badia, Morse, Journ. Porfl. Soc., i, 37, figs. 89, 91, pi. s, fig. 92 (1864) ; Amer. 

 Nat., i, 609, fig. 52 (1868).— Tryov, Am. Journ. Concb., iii, 302 (1868). 



A circumpolar species, jjrobably inhabiting the whole continent, as it 

 has been noticed on the islands in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence, and in 



