206 A MANUAL OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 



from Uniontown, Perry County, Alabama, where it occurs also appa- 

 rently sub-fossil, from Dallas County, Alabama, Stephenson, Alabama, 

 and Sewannee, Franklin County, Tennessee ; from Marengo County, 

 Tennessee, also subfossil; mountains of North Carolina. 



Animal dirty white, the granules sometimes marked by a darker 

 color, running into a light fawn-color on the top of the back near the 

 head; eye-peduncles and tentacles darker; upper part of tail is also 

 a slight slate-color, darker below the furrows. The breadth of the 

 animal is very much greater than in most of our species, the head 

 Fig. 216. broader, blunter, the eye-peduncles shorter, heav- 



ier, and very much more widely set apart. A 

 narrow locomotive disk below. Along the side 

 of the foot, parallel to the base, are two furrows, 

 rather darker in color, running ux)wards towards 

 the tail, and meeting on its ui^iier surface, above 

 zonitcs capn^M^ a mucous \)orQ. The extremity of the tail broad 

 and flattened, spade-like, usually curved at its point when the animal 

 is in motion. The animal is more sluggish and less sensitive to the 

 touch than the other species. Its labial tentacles are highly devel- 

 oped, being nearly as long as the lower feelers. Measurements of an 

 individual in motion: Extreme length of foot, 59"""; before shell, 10"""; 

 behind shell, 14""" ; of shell on back, 32'""^ ; of tentacles, 10"'"^ ; breadth 

 of head, 11"^"^. 



I was first inclined to consider it an unnaturally developed form of 

 fuliginosus, but have since been convinced of its being distinct by 

 large suites of specimens of various stages of growth. The shell is 

 larger, heavier, less globose, the umbilicus is narrower, the aperture 

 larger and less rounded, the spire less elevated. The coarse, in- 

 terruj)ted revolving lines are i^resent in four out of six specimens be- 

 fore me. The species is very variable, and in its globose form diffi- 

 cult to distinguish from Z. friaUlis. It is, however, always much 

 heavier. The globose form is figured (Fig. 216). 

 Jaw as usual in the genus. 



Lingual membrane broad, with numerous rows of about 6C-1-6G 

 teeth. Another membrane has 70 rows of 46-1-46. Centrals long, 

 with a long, slender, median cusp, reaching the base of attachment 

 and bearing a long, slender point projecting beyond it. Side cusps 

 subobsolete, but represented by the cutting points, which are greatly 

 developed, triangular, stretching beyond the sides of the base of 



