224 A MANUAL OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 



Shell subperforate or umbilicated, orbicularly depressed, liiUiht lioru- 

 color, sometimes glassy, with more or less Dumerous wriiikle-like 

 strite ; whorls 5-7 ; aperture lunate, its base generally furnished with 

 fold-like denticles, not reaching its margin; peristome simple, acute. 



Zoiiitcs g^iilaris, Say, 



Shell subperforated, subconical ; epidermis shining, pale-yellowish 

 horn color; spire sometimes tending to a point, at other times 

 obtuse ; whorls 7 or 8, very minute at the apex, increasing in 

 diameter regularly and gradually until they reach the aj)erture, 

 with strongly marked, curved wrinkles ; suture impressed and 

 distinct; aperture transverse, not much expanded; peristome 

 simple, thin at its edge, within thickened with a white, testa- 

 ceous deposit; base flat, indented in the center, near the aper- 

 ture yellowish -white and opaque; umbilicus small and rounded in 

 young shells, obsolete or diminished to a mere i)oint iu older ones ; 

 within the base of the ai^erture are one or two lamelliform, elongated, 

 nearly parallel teeth, one near the base, the other more central. 

 Greater diameter, 8™"; height, 5""". 



Helix gularis, Say, Jouru. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad., ii, 156 (1822); Binney's ed, 18. — 

 BiNNEY, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii, 408, pi. xi, fig. 1 (1840); Terr. Moll., ii, 

 251, pi. xxxvii, figs. 3, 4.— De Kay, N. Y. Moll., 46 (1843).— Fekussac, Hist., 

 pi. Ii, a, fig. 4 (?).— Pfeiffer, Men. Hel. Viv., i, 183, excl. B', SymLoiic, ii, 

 29, excl. /3; in Chemnitz, ed. 2, ii, 201, tab. ci., figs. 5-8. — W. G. Binney, 

 Terr. Moll., iv, 122. — Mrs. Gray, Fig. Moll. An., pi. cxci, fig. 4, ex Bost. Journ. 

 — H. &L A. Adams (Gaslrodonta), Gen. Rec. Moll., pi. Ixxi, fig. 4 (no dcscr.). 

 —Reeve, Con. Icon., No. 719 (1852). 



Helix Ucostaia, Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv., i, 182; Symbol*., iii, 697 (1852); in Chem- 

 nitz, ed. 2, li, 196, pi. c, figs. 21-23 (1846).- Reeve, 1. c. 



Gasfrodonta (/ularis, Tryon, Am. Journ. Conch., ii, 257 (1866). 



Zonites gularis, W. G. Binney, L. & Fr.-W. Sb., i, 292 (1869) ; Terr. Moll., v, 129. 



A Post-Pliocene species. At i)resent it seems to be restricted to 

 the Cumberland Subregion. It ranges along the Appalachian chain 

 into Pennsylvania, and southerly into Georgia and Alabama. In East 

 Tennessee it appears to reach its greatest development. 



Animal bluish-black on head and back, other parts dingy white ; 

 eye-peduncles long, slender, enlarged, but not much bulbous at tip; 

 foot above dirty-greenish. A distinct locomotive disk; longitudinal 

 furrows above the margin of the foot, meeting over a longitudinal 

 mucus pore. 



There is an umbilicated variety of the species. 



The present species resembles some varieties of Z. ligerus, Say, in 

 form and general appearance, although its size is much less. This re- 



