256 A MANUAL OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 



Helix alternata, Say, Nicli. Eucycl., pi. i, lig. 2 (1817-19); Journ. Philad. Acad., ii, 

 161 (1821); BiNNEY's ed. 6, 21, pi. Ixix, fig, 2.— Eaton, Zool. Text-Book, 193 

 (1826).— BiNNKY, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist., iii, 428, pi. xxv (1840) ; Terr. Moll., 

 ii, 212, pi. XXV.— Gould, Invert., 177, fig. 114 (1841).— Leidy, T. M. U. S., i, 

 253, pi. vii, figs. 2-5 (1851), anat.— DeKay, N. Y. Moll., k9,pl.li,fig. 9(1843). 

 — Adams, Vermont Mollusca, 162, fig. (1842).— Fi;RUSSAC, Tab. Syst., 44; 

 Hist., pi. Ixxix, figs. 8-10.— PoTiEZ and Michaud, Galdrie, 104.— Chemnitz, 

 ed, 2, 1, 181, tab. xxiv, figs. 17, 18.— Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv., i, 102. — 

 Deshayes, in Fj5r., Hist., i, 89.— Reeve, Con. Icon., 670 (1852).— Billings, 

 Canad. Nat., ii, 99, figs. 4, 5 (1857).— W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv, 98.— 

 Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye, vii.— Morse, Amer. Nat., i, 187, figs. 17, 18 (1867). 

 — W. G. Binney, L. & Fr.-W. Sh., i, 73 (1869).— Gould and Binney, Invert, 

 of Mass., ed. 2, 412(1870). 



Anguispira alternata, Morse, Journ. Portl. Soc, i, 11, fig. 15; pi. iv, fig. 16 (1864). — 

 Tryon, Am. Journ. Conch., ii, 261 (1866). 



Helix scabra, Lamarck, Anim. sans Vert., vi, part 2, 88.— Deshayes, Encycl. M^th., 

 ii, 219 (1830) ; in Lamarck, viii, 66 ; ed. 3, iii, 292.— Chenu, 111., pi. vi, fig. 

 11. 



Helix infecta, Parreyss, MS., Pfeiffer, Mai. Bl., 1857, 86; Mon. Hel. Viv., iv, 91, 

 non Reeve. 



Helix strongylodcs, Pfeiffer, Proc. Zool. Soc, 1854, 53; Mon. Hel. Viv., iv, 91. — 

 Reeve, Con. Icon., No. 1296 (1854).— Fide W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv, pi. 

 Ixxvii, fig. 8. 



Helix mordax, Shuttleworth, Bern. Mitt. ,1853, 195. — Gould, in Terr. Moll., iii, 19. 

 — W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., iv, 99. — Pfeiffer, Mon. Hel. Viv., iii, 635. — 

 Bland, Ann. N. Y. Lye, vii (and var. Fergusoni). 



Helix duhia, Sheppard, Tr. Lit. Hist. Soc. Quebec, i, 194. — McCulloch (where ?), teste 

 Binney, Terr. Moll., i, 192. 



Patula alternata, W. G. Binney, Terr. Moll., v, 161. 



It is commonly found in the Post-Pliocene of the Mississippi Val- 

 ley, retaining some of the color of the red, flame-like patches. It now 

 extends over the whole of the Eastern Province as far north as Lab- 

 rador. 



Animal: Head and eye-peduncles light slate-color, back brown, re- 

 mainder of upper surface brownish-orange, eyes black, base of foot 

 grayish-white, collar saffron. Eye-peduncles one-third of an inch long, 

 blackish at the extremities. Foot not much exceeding in length the 

 diameter of the shell, and terminating in a broad, obtuse, and flat ex- 

 tremity. A light marginal line runs along the edge of the foot from 

 the head to the posterior part, those of the two sides meeting in an 

 acute angle. 



Variety : Head and neck blackish-brown, eye-peduncles blackish, 

 foot brownish, base dirty white. In a single instance the whole animal 

 was entirely black. 



The animal of the ribbed form of alternata found at University Place, 

 Franklin County, Tennessee, by Bishop Elliott, resembles in length, 

 &c., Gumherlandiana. It is dark slate-color on top of head and eye- 

 peduncles, dirty white on bottom of foot, remainder dark orange. 



