322 A MANUAL OF AMERICAN LAND SHELLS. 



Most of the species are so small that it requires much care and no 

 little skill to find them. Some are found in forests, under decaying 

 leaves or fragments of dead branches, lying on the ground, or in the 

 crevices of bark, or about decaying stumps and logs; some are found 

 in plats of moss, others under stones, sticks, &c., in the open fields, and 

 many at the margins of brooks, pools, and ponds, under chips or 

 crawling up the stems of i^lauts, and seem to be incapable of existing 

 unless abundantly supplied with moisture, seeming to be aquatic rather 

 than terrestrial in their habits. They feed on decaying vegetable mat- 

 ter, keeping themselves in the shade and adhering closely to the ob- 

 jects on which they rest when in repose. In the winter they bury 

 themselves under the leaves or in the earth. 



^ Animal small, about twice as long as broad, wide and square in front, 

 slightly tapering and obtusely rounded posteriorly ; beneath, the head 

 is separated from the foot by a transverse line; the cephalic portion is 

 transverse, more or less lobed in front; the base of foot is long-oval, 

 truncate in front. Tentacles short and sometimes reduced to a minute 

 tubercle. The viscera are remarkable for their great length. 



I have personally examined the jaw and lingual membrane in only 

 two species, P.fallax (Terr. Moll., V, Plate IV, Fig. T) and P. rupicola 

 (Plate IV, Fig. S). For information about the other species 1 am in- 

 debted to Mr. Morse, whose figures are copied below, 



Fm 346. The jaw is low, wide, arcuate (in P. rupicola 



7^};-.^ strongly arched); ends but little attenuated in 



muscoriim, pentodon, fallax, rupicola, acutely 



Jaw o{ Pupa badia. (Morse.) pointed in cor^icfln'o ; a morc or Icss developed, 



broad, blunt median projection to the cutting edge ; anterior surface 



^vithout ribs, but generally with vertical strife. 



Terr. Moll. V, Plate IV, Figs. S and T, show more correctly the 

 characters of the individual teeth of the genus, the general arrangement 

 being as in Patula. The membrane is long and narrow, the teeth are 

 ■as in the genus Vertigo, described below, excepting that in Puj)a the 

 central tooth is quite small in proportion to the laterals. The marginal 

 teeth are irregularly denticulated, the inner denticle the largest. (See 

 below, under P. pentodon.) 



Subgenus PUPILLA, Leach. 



Animal as in the genus, small, short ; tail short, pointed ; eye-pedun- 

 cles long; tentacles stout, very short. 



