«S. I. Smith — Eiirhj Staff es of JJlp/Ki tnljtoiihi. 3.37 



the result of any structural similarity. In fact tlie i'ull series ot the 

 early stages of Ilip-pa shows couclusively that the young undergo an 

 essentially Braehyural, zoea and niegalops, post-erabryonal deveU)j»- 

 nient, and it furnishes an important addition to the evidence tendintr 

 to confirm the view that the Anomoura are a heterogeneous group, 

 made up, probably, of outlying Braehyural and Macnn-al families. 



Xott on, the Structure of the Mandibles and Maxilla^ in Hvpj^a and 



liernipes. 



In the description of the megalops-stage, I have already alluded to 

 the remarkal)le structure of the mandibles and the first pair of nuix- 

 ilhe in the adult Hippa, but these appendages in ^i'^j/>« and the allied 

 genera seem worthy of more special attention, since they furnish 

 important characters for distinguishing the Hippidae and Albunidiie. 

 Although the oral appendages of Alhrmea, and apparently also of the 

 allied genera, Blepharopoda Randall and Lepidopa Stim{>son, have 

 been correctly described l)y all the later authorities, the structure 

 and homology of the parts of the mandibles and the first pair of max- 

 illae in Hippa and Remipes, though very important in a taxonomic 

 point of view, seem to have been misunderstood by all carcinologists 

 who have written upon these genera. 



Milne-Edwards, in his great general work on crustaceans, appears 

 to have been the first to describe, with care, the oral appendages of 

 any of the Hippida- or x^lbunidae, and the erroi's, into which he fell 

 in describing Hippa and Remipes, have been perpetuated by suc- 

 ceeding writers. To be sure, J. C. Fabricius had before descril)ed 

 the parts about the mouth, in his original description of the genus 

 Hippa (Supplementum Entomologiae Systematica^, p. 329), but his 

 account of the inner a])pendages is so confused that I am quite 

 unable to understand what parts he had in view as the mandible and 

 its palpus. He says, " 3Iandihida brevis, cornea, fornicata, obtusa, 

 dorso palpigera. Palpus setaceus, tenuis, uti videtur multiartic- 

 ulatus," which could scarcely be made to apply to the parts of the 

 mandible as they really exist, either in Hippa or RemijMs. Milne- 

 Edwards, in his description of the genus Remipes (Histoire naturelle 

 des Crustaces, ii, p. 205), says, " Les machoires de la seconde paire 

 ne presentent rien de bien remarquable ; celles de la premiere paire 

 sont tres-petites, et refoulees en avant, entre la mandibule et la lev re 

 superieure, qui est tres-grande et fort saillante. Enfin la man- 

 dibule, qui est fortement dentelee, porte un palpe compose de 

 deux petits articles lamelleux, separes du corps de la mandibule par 

 un grand sillon membraneux." This strongly dentate "mandible'' 



