to the Method of Least Squares. 189 



[1844] QuETELKT. Sur rapprt'ciations ties documents statistiques 

 et en particular sur I'appreciatioiis des moyennes. Hull, statist ique 

 de JBelgique, Vol. II. 



1845 Bessel. ' Auszug- aus cinem Sehreiben . . . .' Astron. JVachr., 

 Vol. XXIII, col. 1-4. 



On the probable errors of interpolations in logarithmic tables. 



1845 Fischer. Die Theorie der Beobachtungsfehler und ihre 

 Ausgleiehung durch die Methode der kleinsten Quadrate. Pt. I of 

 his Lehrbuch der hohereti (reodasie,' Darmstadt, 8vo. 



1845 Gerlixg. ' Nachtrage zur Ausgleichungs-Rechnung.' Archiv. 

 3Iath. u. Phys., Vol. VI, pp. 141-146, 375-378. 



Three supplements to (Sickling's l)ook (1843). The first and sec- 

 ond treat of the determination of points by angle measurements and 

 the third of the precision of chain measurements. 



1846 Bravais. 'Analyse mathematique sur les probabilites des 

 erreurs de situation d'un point.' Mem. . . par divers savaus . . hist. 

 France, Vol. IX, pp. 255-332. 



Observations being made on the coordinates of a point the proba- 

 bility that the apparent and true places are separated by a given dis- 

 tance is investigated, as also is the " valeur de la crainte mathe- 

 matique de I'erreur" which is shown to be represented by the sur- 

 face of a certain ellipsoid. The method requires the observations to 

 be numerous. 



In determining the probability that a point in a plane is located on 

 an elementary area dy.dji', Bravais takes the probabilities of the x 

 and y detiections as independent. See 1850 Herschel. 



1846 Galloway. ' On the application of the Method of Least 

 Squares to the Determination of the most probable Errors in a Por- 

 tion of the Ordnance Survey of England.' Mem. Astron. Soc. Lond., 

 Vol. XV, pp. 23-69. 



A discussion of a triangulation including ten stations at which thirty- 

 live angles are observed subject to nineteen conditional equations. 

 The methods of adjustinent,''of determining weights, of forming the 

 conditional equations and all the steps of the process are given at 

 length with great clearness. See Month. Notices Astron. Soc, 1843, 

 Vol. V, pp. 262-264 for a full account of contents of the memoir. 



1846 Quetelet. '■ Lettres d S. A. R. le Due regnant de Saxe- 

 Cobourg et Gotha, sur la Theorie des ProbaMlites appUqu'ee aux sci- 

 ences morales et politiques.^ Bruxelles, large 8vo, pp. iv, 450, — Eng- 

 lish trans, by Downes; London, 1849, 8vo. 



