to the Method of Least Squares. 207 



18G1 Germistg. Notiz in Betreff der Prioritats-Vorhaltnisse in 

 Beziehung auf die Metliode der kleinsten Quadrate. JSfachr. Gesell. 

 Gotttngen for 1861, pp. 273-275. 



1861 Peters. Ueber die Bestimrnxmg des Ldngemmterschieds 

 zioischen Altona und ISclixoerin. Altoiia, 4to. 



Contains among other matter a detailed history of the discovery 

 of the personal equation. See 1866 Radau. 



1861 ScHOTT. 'Account of Cauciiy's interpolation formula.' Rep. 

 Coast Stir. TI. S. for 1860, pp. 392-396. 



This is a free translation of Cauchy's article of 1835. The method 

 is illustrated by an example. 



1861 WiNCKLER. 'Ueber den niittlern Fehler der Kettenmes- 



sungen.' Zeitschr. Math. n. Phys., Vol. VI, pp. 109-119. 



An excellent practical paper. The mean error is found to be pro- 

 portional to the square I'oot of the length of the line. 



1 862 Gkrling. 'Ueber Genauigkeit der Functionen bedingter Beo- 

 bachtungen.' Archiv. Math. v. Phys., Vol. XXXVIIT, pp. 379-381. 

 Contains additions and corrections to his book (1843). 



1862 Seidel. Ueber eine Anwendung der Wahi'schcinlichkeits- 

 rechnung beztiglich auf der Schwankungen in den Durchsichtigkeits- 

 verhaltnissen der Luft. Sitzmigsber. Baiersch. Acad., Vol. II, pp. 

 320-349. 



] 863 Borsch. ' Ueber die Genauigkeit der Winkel- und Linien- 

 Messungen.' Zeitschr. 3Iath. u. Phys., Vol. VIII, pp. 321-341. 



It is concluded that the precision of angle measurements is pro- 

 portional to the square root of the number of single observations, or 

 to the nunil)er of repetitions ; and that the precision of linear meas- 

 urements is inversely proportional to the square root of the length of 

 the line. The articles of Vorlaxder (see 1856) are discussed as also 

 is Hart.xer's (1852) treatment of tliis sul)ject. 



1863 Freeden. ^ Die Praxis der 3Iethode der kleinsten Quadrate 

 /'iir die BedUrfnisse der Anf anger hearheitet. — Erster Theil : Klemen- 



tare Darstellung der Methode nebst Saramlung vollstandig berechneter 

 physikalischer, meteorologischer, geodatischer und astronomischer 

 Aufgaben, welche auf lineare und transcendente Gleichungen ftihren.' 

 Braunschweig, 8vo, pp. viii, 114. 



An excellent little book, although some of the examples are rather 

 long for a beginner. The principle of Least Squares is assumed. 



