II.— Gods and Saints of the Great Brahmana. 

 Philosophy. 



The creator-god, Prajapati, is philosophically identified with time 

 represented by the year, whence he is called twelve-fold, twenty-four- 

 fold, and (months plus five seasons) seventeen-fold (the cyclic five- 

 year group is recognized, 17. 13. 17). i The year itself is "twent}-- 

 fifth," as an entity besides the four and twenty half-months, 16. 7. 

 5 (cf. the " twenty-fifth," as pure spirit, of later philosoph}-). In a 

 ritual scheme it is natural to find that the creator created with the 

 help of Vedic verses (charmsj, rites, and chaunts, Samans ; but cre- 

 ation itself is an " emission," which, though interpreted otherwise 

 was thought of in terms of procreation, except rarel}^, as when it is 

 said that the creator " was the splitter-up of worlds," etesam lokanam 

 udabhiiiat, 16. 16. 2,- and even then differentiation rather than cre- 

 ation of matter seems to be meant. He creates in the form of a 

 horse, 11. 3. 5; is talked about as creator (of evil as well as good) 

 and as having had unlawful relations with his daughter, 4. 9. 14 ; 

 8, 2. 10; 3 but he also pairs with time-divisions, 5. 9. 2 (cL TS. 7. 4. 

 8. 1). After creation he is exhausted, dry, " milked out," and has 

 to be revived by food, vrata, and he does not create all at once.* 

 He also pairs with the chaunt, 8. 6. 3, etc., but too, he needs only 

 to vomit forth his chief creation, sacrifice, fire, priest, and spring. 



' The seasons are five or six. Eef. 2. 10. 5 ; 4. 5. 6 ; 6. 2. 2 ; 9. 8. 15 ; 

 10. 12. 8 ; 12. 4. 8 ; 13. 2. 6 ; 16. 4. 12-13 ; 17. 9. 4 ; 18. 2. 4 ; 7. 5 ; 9. 5, 

 7, 21 ; 22. 1. 3 ; 24. 16. 3, etc. half-months, 4. 10. 5 ; 6. 3. 3 f. ; 14. 1. 11, 

 etc. The year has 360 nights, 9. 3. 5. f. P. creates day and night, 4. 1. 

 4 ; and gods, 6. 9. 15. 



^ For the genitive, cf . devdndm iidagdyat^ ' Avas cliannter of gods ' (below). 



' Although adJiyCiit here must be so interpreted, it is not necessarily 

 used in a bad sense. Cf. 17. 1. 13, pittro mdtaram adhyeti " remembers, 

 longs for.'* Cf. SB. 4. 6. 9. 20 ; AB. 3. 33. 1. 



* 4. 10. 1 ; 6. 1. 1 and 6 ; dugdho riricdno ' manyata^ 9. 6. 7 ; atdmyat^ 

 10. 2. 1 ; so 15. 8. 2 ; 16. 5. 23 ; etc. PB. 6. 1. 4 (read ddatta . . . ;?r«- 

 /;/c7;y)is cited TS. 7. 1. 1. 2. P. creates by rites, 22. 5. 4; 23. 9. 2 

 21. 2 ; 27. 1 ; and thus gains bhss, success, etc. 23. 11. 2 ; 23. 25. 2-3 

 24. 4. 2 ; 9. 2-3 ; food and cattle, 24. 7. 2 ; even Savitar's power, 25, 6. 2 

 17. 2 : he rains. 13. 5. 12 f. 



