324 Albert S. Cook, 



48. sphere. L. defines : ' the orb or globe of the universe,' and 

 compares P.L. 8. 82; see also P.L. 7. 22. 



49. harbinger. Herald. ■ Such was Hermes : Homer, Od. 5. 29 ; 

 Hesiod, Works 80 ; Theog. 939, etc. As the herald was called xjjpii 

 by the Greeks, so his wand or sceptre was called xr^Qvxtiou. 



50. turtle. At once suggestive of swift flight (Ps. 55. 6 ; Soph- 

 ocles, O.C. 1080), purity (cf. Pliny, Hist. Nat. 10. 52), peacefulness 

 (Horace, Od. 4. 4. 27-28), harmlessness (Matt. 10. 16), beauty of 

 plumage (Ps. 68. 13), lovingness, holiness (Tibullus 1. 7. 18), and the 

 presence of the Holy Spirit (Matt. 3. 16; John 1. 32). 



wing. Singular for. plural, as in Com. 989, and elsewhere. 

 amorous. Referring of course to the attractiveness of Peace. 

 Jebb merely translates b}^ ' sequacia.' 



Ovid has ' cupidee undse ' (F. 3. 647). Cowley, Bathing : 



The amorous waves would fain about her stay. 



Shakespeare, A. and C. 2. 2. 200-2: 



made 

 The water which they beat to follow faster. 

 As amorous of their strokes. 



dividing. So of Mercury, Virgil, yEn. 4. 245—6 : 



Turbida tranat 

 Nubila. 



Cf. Virgil, G. 1. 406; ^Ji. 10. 265-6; Horace. Od. 4. 14. 21-2; 

 Sannazaro, Dc Partu Virg. 1. 83, 90. 



The descent of Peace resembles that of Mercury as described by 

 Virgil, ^n. 4. 238 ff.; cf. Tasso, Ger. Lib. 1. 13; Milton, P.L. 3. 

 640-644; 5. 277-287; Eleg. 2. 13, 14; Sannazaro, Part. Virg. 1. 

 77-90; Mantuan, Dion. Areop. {Opera 1. 217 b). 



Mercury differs in so far from Peace as he is not provided with 

 wings like hers. Her wings resemble those of angels. In the earliest 

 Christian art, angels were represented as masculine and full clothed. 

 The first winged angel known is from the basilica of Pudentiana 

 (384—398). The traditional winged angel bears a resemblance to a 

 winged Victory (cf Stuhlfauth, Die Engel in der Altchristlichen 

 Kunst, pp. 242 ff. ; Hartel und Wickhoff, Die Wiener Genesis, p. 6, 

 and Plates II and XI). Preller, Gr. Myth. 2. 251, tells of certain 

 coins on which Peace is winged, like a Nike. 



Milton mentions 'sceptred angels,' P.L. 1. 734. 



51. myrtle wand. As we have seen above, the herald has a 

 wand, and Hermes has his caduceus (Homer, //. 24. 343 ; Od. 5. 47 ; 



