338 Albert S. Cook, 



beams, but also the horns of the moon. He wears the spotted skin 

 of a leopard, to signify the starry heaven. His lower parts are 

 rough and shaggy, like trees and shrubs. Finally, his pipe of seven 

 reeds refers to the seven-toned harmony of the spheres (cf. ^n. 

 6. 646). With this exposition of Servius compare Porphyry, Con- 

 cerning Images, as quoted by Eusebius, Prcep. Evang. 3. 11. 



In accordance with these ideas. Pan is sometimes represented 

 on gems as playing a flute, and surrounded by the signs of the 

 zodiac (Roscher, Lexikou, coll. 1467—8 ; Piper, Myth, der Christ!. 

 Kunst 2. 254—6). Echoes of these notions are to be found in Boc- 

 caccio, Gen. Deot'um 1.4; Marot, Eglogue au Roy (the seven reeds 

 denoting the harmon}' of the spheres, the seven gods ' clairs et 

 havilx,' and the seven liberal arts), and in the remarkable inter- 

 pretation of Pan by Bacon, Wisdom of the Ancients. The latter 

 mentions the leopard's skin, and adds : ' In like manner, the heavens are 

 sprinkled with stars, the sea with islands, the earth with flowers." 



The representation of a king, as chief shepherd of his people, 

 by Pan, is found in Spenser's Shepherd's Calendar for April (Pan = 

 Henry VIII), and before him by Marguerite de Navarre, Come'die stir 

 le Trespas dii Roi {Dernieres Poesies, ed. Lefranc, pp. 37 ff.) ; Marot, 

 Eglogue an Roy {op. cit. 1. 39 ff.); Petrarch, Eel. 12 (Conftttatio). 



Pan was sometimes represented as youthful in face and figure, 

 after the model of the Pol37cletan Doryphoros, with inconspicuous 

 horns, and having his sheep-hook resting against his right shoulder,. 

 while the syrinx is held in the left (the Good Shepherd of early 

 Christian art is represented sometimes as playing a Pan's pipe, 

 sometimes as merely holding one ; cf. Lowrie, p. 68j ; see Roscher,. 

 Lexikon, coll. 1414—7. 



90. Was. Milton more frequently uses be than have with come 

 and gone. 



kindly. Either ' in accordance with his nature,' or ' with a 

 benevolent intention.' Shakespeare has both senses ; cf. the pun in 

 Lear 1. 5. 15: 'thy other daughter will use thee kindly.' In all other 

 cases (4), Milton employs the word (as an adjective) in the former sense. 



below. Emphasizing the idea of the Christian God. 



91. loves. Perhaps in allusion to pastoral poetry. 



92. silly. L. ' harmless, innocent.' Cf. Germ. 5^//^. SeeVaughan, 

 The Shephcards : 



Perhaps some harmless cares for the next day 



Did in their bosomes play, 

 As where to lead their sheep, which silent nook. 



What springs or .shades to look. 



