ii6 Appendix A 



Norvege et en Espagne, mais surtout aux Pays-Bas. II avait epouse 

 une fille du comte de Hainaiit, comte en meme temps de Hollande et 

 de Zelande et seigneur de Frise ; il etait devenu le beau-frere de 

 I'empereur Louis de Baviere et du comte de Gueldre. En 1328, puis 

 en 1330, il s'etait assure I'alliance du due de Brabant, dont le duche 

 commengait alors a prendre son grand essor industriel. Avec I'aide 

 de la maison de Hainaut-Hollande, dont les domaines avaient une 

 grande importance strategique, Edouard esperait dominer tous les 

 Pays-Bas. II est vrai que Philippe VI, a partir de 1332, essaya de 

 contrecarrer Taction d'Edouard dans cette region; il obligea le due 

 de Brabant a faire alliance avec lui et a marier son fils aine a une 

 fille de France, et en 1334 il acquit la seigneurie de Malines. Mais 

 Edouard II reprit bientot I'avantage aux Pays-Bas. 



In October, 1337, Edward took the title of King of France, in 

 order to quiet the scruples of the Flemish.^' In July, 1338, he 

 installed himself at Antwerp with Queen Philippa, and spent 

 money lavishly, in hopes to gain more completely the friendship 

 of the people.^^ Now it was during this sojourn in Antwerp 

 that Philippa gave birth, on Nov. 29, 1338, to the son who was 

 called Lionel of Antwerp — just as his brother, born two years 

 later, was known as John of Gaunt (Ghent) — after Edward III 

 had been present at a parliament in that city, at which he granted 

 to the Flemish great commercial privileges, and bestowed upon 

 them the wool staple and a large subsidy.^* 



Meanwhile, Edward was not only embroiled with the King of 

 France on the grounds indicated above, but also because restitu- 

 tion had not been made of a part of Guyenne which had been 

 seized by the French toward the close of his brother's reign. 

 After this encroachment, Edward's vassals, whenever they w^ere 

 dissatisfied with his rule, were prone to appeal, over his head, to 

 Philip VI, King of France.^^ 



Here, then, we have a situation sufficiently analogous to that 

 outlined at the beginning of Lancelot — the vassals of an English 



''Lavisse 4.' 39; Michelet 4. 185. 



" Lavisse 4.^ 43. Froissart thus describes his prodigality (Michelet 4. 

 179-180) : 'Et n'epargnoient ni or ni argent, non plus que s'il leur plut 

 des nues, et donnaient grands jo^'aux aux seigneurs et dames et demois- 

 elles, pour acquerir la louange de ceux et de celles entre qui ils con- 

 versoient; et tant faisoient qu'ils I'avoient et etoient prises de tous 

 et de toutes, et memement du commun peuple a qui ils ne donnoient rien, 

 pour le bel etat qu'ils menoient.' 



" Lavisse 4.^ 44-45. 



" Lavisse 4.^ 35. 



