362 Philip Ainsworth Means, 



serpent-heads and feather-motifs. The tongue of the last head 

 is Hkewise encrusted with the two. 



A word about the general features of this, the greater Chavin 

 stone, should be said before we go on to compare it with other 

 artifacts. It is a bas-relief of the same technique as the Tia- 

 huanaco frieze. The work is finer because the stone lends itself 

 more readily to the cutter's tools. 



At Chavin is another remarkable stone carving, the lesser 

 Chavin stone. It is described by Polo and by Enock.^° It was 

 found in an underground chamber ; indeed, according to Knock, 

 much of the work and many of the chambers in the "castle of 

 Chavin" are subterranccm. This feature is reminiscent of Tia- 

 huanaco itself. The lesser stone is at once similar to and differ- 

 ent from the greater. The chief points of likeness are the 

 profuse use of fangs and serpents as decorative motifs, and 

 the constant re-statement of these motifs recalls not only the 

 greater Chavin stone, but also the monolithic gateway. The 

 differences are chiefly these : lack of any trace of comprehensible 

 composition, lack of bilateral symmetry and considerable modi- 

 fication of technique. 



As our description has proceeded we have made occasional 

 references to resemblances between the Chavin stones and other 

 objects. It will now be our task to systematize these resemblances. 

 Each of the elements which constitute the resemblances will be 

 found in the following table in its appropriate column : 



Affiliations Between Chavin and Other Arts. 



PROTO-CHIMU PROTO-NASCA TIAHUANACO 



Fangs Fangs 



Feathers Feathers 



Multiple inverted heads. 



Puma-heads 

 Staves Staves 



Symmetry 

 Mouth mask (?) 



Too few digits Too few digits 



Skirt 



rr sign 

 Repetition of motifs 

 in many parts 

 of the design. 



^ Enock, 1907, p. 72 ff. ; and Polo, 1899. 



