A Survey of Ancient Penwian Art. 367 



that eye-painting- is elaborated into the tears and tear-Hnes of 

 Tiahuanaco II art while masking finds a faint elaborate revival 

 in the pnnia-heads at the mouth of the chief figure on the larger 

 Chavin stone. To show one more manifestation of the influence 

 of elaboration we will mention the "Multiple-headed God" motif 

 of Proto-Nasca art. The God is always distinguished by the 

 manner in which his subsidiary inverted heads proceed from one 

 another's mouths and by the presence of feather-like secondary 

 ornaments. Elaboration results in the multiple-headed figure on 

 the larger Chavin stone. That figure, like its Proto-Nasca proto- 

 type, has several inverted heads proceeding from one another's 

 mouths and it is marked by elaborate secondary decoration in 

 the form of feather-like ornaments. We must note here that as 

 nothing of the sort is to be observed at Tiahuanaco the trans- 

 mission from Proto-Nasca to Chavin must have been direct, and 

 that the two were at least partly contemporary. Likewise, as we 

 have pointed out, there are a number of Proto-Chimu elements 

 found on the Chavin stone. One more evidence of the influence 

 of elaboration should not be ignored. That is the contrast 

 between the staffs found in Proto-Nasca with those in Tiahuanaco 

 II and, above all, in Chavin. The contrast needs no comments, 

 save that here, again, the culmination of the process is found at 

 Chavin. 



Nor do we lack for signs of the presence of influences on the 

 part of the principle of Elimination. As we have noted, the 

 Proto-Chimu art shows full realistic representation of the whole 

 of men and animals. Between Proto-Chimu and Proto-Nasca 

 we find an elimination of most of the body parts by the latter 

 art. In Tiahuanaco II, however, again probably on account of 

 the influence of Tiahuanaco I, the habit of showing the body is 

 revived, but some of the lines and curves of nature are markedly 

 absent, both in Tiahuanaco II art proper and at Chavin. 



Finally, the principle of Substitution is readily seen to have been 

 at work. The eye-painting of Proto-Chimu and Proto-Nasca is 

 substituted by the tears and tear-lines of Tiahuanaco II. The 

 ])uma-head and ribbon-and-stone-ring tabs on the Weeping God's 

 headdress at Tiahuanaco are replaced by the serpent-heads that 

 occupy analogous places on the larger Chavin stone as well as 

 on the lesser one. Again, the fish-like breast ornament of the 

 Tiahuanaco figure finds a substitute at Chavin in the conventional 



