324 Philip Ainsworth Means, 



Proto-Nasca vessels appear sombre enough, but the more one' 

 studies them the more he becomes impressed with the wonderful 

 richness and variety of their tints. The mere fact that most of 

 them are from the dark side of the color-scale does not impair 

 the effect of subdued richness. If, then, we never find in Proto- 

 Nasca the astonishingly good modelling that excites wonder, 

 and sometimes amusement, at the Proto-Chimu art, the lack is 

 in part made up for by the presence of sumptuous color combina- 

 tions that may well give valuable hints to modern artists. 



It is the opinion of Mr. Joyce that no textiles of this period 

 have survived to the present time.* But for reasons to be 

 enlarged upon later, the present writer ventures to hold the con- 

 trary opinion on this point. 



Though profoundly different, as has been shown, the Proto- 

 Chimu and Proto-Nasca arts have similarities to one another 

 that are quite as significant as their divergences. The similarities 

 are to be found in the subject-matter of the two arts rather than 

 in the details of their execution. In both, the use of headdresses 

 decorated with animal-faces is apparent; in both, the use of 

 various sorts of masks and of eye-painting is noticeable; and 

 in both the centipede-like tail ending in a human face is often 

 found. An important article by Mr. Joyce affords the material 

 for forming these opinions.^ 



2. THE CULTURE KNOWN AS TIAHUANACO I. 



The researches of Posnansky, Uhle, Gonzalez de la Rosa and 

 others have established the fact that the remains at and around 

 Tiahuanaco'^ in Bolivia represent two sharply differentiated 

 cultures. Of these, the cruder was the earlier. Posnansky, to 

 whom the subdividing is chiefly to be credited, calls this first 

 and simpler epoch "Tiahiianaco Primitivo." The writer, in 



* Joyce, 1912, p. 200. 



"Joyce, 1913b. 



" Though we shall fall in with modern usage and employ the name 

 Tiahuanaco, it is to be noted that the early name for the place appears 

 to have been Taypicala. This, according to Cobo (IV, p. 65) and Ban- 

 delier (1911, pp. 222 and 243), has the meaning of "Stone-in-the-Center 

 (of the Universe)." The word appears to be derived from the "Aymara" 

 (correctly, CoUa) terms taipiri, center, and ccala, worked stone. (Cf. 

 Vocabulario poliglota incaico, 1905.) 



