A Survey of Ancient Peruvian Art. 329 



was Lambayeque.^^ The Naymlap people came from the north 

 by sea, and they built up a state that was apparently conquered 

 by the chief Chimu. All this, however, is as yet mere unsub- 

 stantiated theory. 



5. THE CHIMU AND NASCA CULTURES. 



With this period one begins to get some hint of the political, 

 social and ethnological conditions under which the people lived. 

 Several authors, ancient as well as modern, give valuable infor- 

 mation on this head.^- 



All that, interesting though it is, lies without the scope of the 

 present paper. We will therefore content ourselves with observ- 

 ing that in the period which we are now considering the north- 

 ern portion of the coast, from Tumbez down to Casma, was under 

 the sway of a great chief known to the Incas as Chimu Capac 

 (Great Chimu). The valleys of Rimac, Pachacamac and Chan- 

 cay were ruled by another great chief called Cuismancu. Runa- 

 huanac, Huarcu, Mala and Chilca were ruled by Chuquimancu. 

 lea and Pisco (and perhaps Nasca) were ruled by the powerful 

 chief Chincha. 



The different valleys being so divided from one another in 

 political ways, it is not surprising that we find considerable local 

 differences in art-types as well. Yet we have no grounds for 

 assuming that the coast peoples were not rather closely related on 

 ethnic lines, which explains, no doubt, certain widespread resem- 

 blances between the arts of the various regions. ^^ 



The architecture of this period, perhaps because of the influ- 

 ence of Tiahuanaco II, was very elaborate. Adobe continued to 

 be the chief material, but it was used in more complex w^ays. 

 Palaces, workshops, reservoirs, aqueducts and many other elab- 

 orate works were constructed. The custom of using stucco reliefs 

 on walls became fairly common.^* 



"^ See Markham, 1912, p. 222; Joyce, 1912, pp. 50 ft".; Beuchat, 1912, 

 pp. 584 ff. ; Means, 1917 ; Garcia Rosell, 1903. 



^" See Cieza, 1864, pp. 22,2, ff., 1883, pp. 185-193 ; Garcilasso, II, pp. 181- 

 201; Cobo, 1892, IV, pp. 47-54; Markham, 1912, pp. 200-239; Joyce, 1912, 

 pp. 95 ff. ; Garcia Rosell, 1903 ; Arriaga, 1621. 



" Hrdlicka, 1914, pp. 41 ff., and pp. 52 ff. 



"Middendorf, 1894-95, H, p. 375; Squier, 1877, pp. 136 ff., 150 ff. ; 

 Joyce, 1912, pp. 150 ft'. 



