III. ANALYSES OF THE ARTS OR CULTURES. 



I. A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF PROTO-CHIMU AND 

 PROTO-NASCA ART. 



Aside from examining the Plates that accompany this paper, 

 the reader is urged to examine those that are to be found in the 

 works referred to in the footnote.^ It is hoped, however, that 

 the examples of the two very early t3^pes of art herewith pre- 

 sented will prove sufficient material for those who cannot seek 

 further for it. 



Plate I shows five specimens of Proto-Chimu art, all to be 

 found in the Peabody Museum at Cambridge, Mass. It will 

 readily be observed that two characteristics hold true for all the 

 specimens given ; these are : light coloration, and grace of line. 

 In Figures 1-4, the chief source of admiration on the student's 

 part is the wonderfully life-like modelling. Figures i and 2 are 

 especially remarkable in this respect. In Figure i we see a man 

 attacking a deer with a massive club. His small dog looks on. 

 A\'ith the exception of the deer's body and the man's feet the 

 modelling is far better than that in some of the early Egyptian 

 and Cretan figures. The man's clothes seem to consist of a 

 loose-fitting shirt with sleeves and of a hat or helmet adorned 

 with two rosette-like protuberances and a sort of frontal ridge. 

 From the helmet proper a strip of cloth runs down to and under 

 the man's chin. The nose of the man is large and somewhat of 

 the Semitic type. The chin is somewhat receding. The dog 

 on this vase is probably one of those which the early people kept 

 for use in the chase.- On the body of the vase is to be seen 

 a composition that is very typical of Proto-Chimu art. It is 

 painted in dark brown on the white slip of the vase and, like the 

 modelled group above, represents a hunting scene. It should 

 be noted that the costumes of the figures in the painted part of 

 the decoration differ considerably from that of the modelled man. 



^ Cf. Uhle, 1908, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1913b, 1914; cf. Reiss und Stubel, 1880-87; 

 Baessler, 1902-03; Putnam, 1914; Theresa von Bayern, 1907; Joyce, 1912, 

 1913b; Beuchat, 1912; Mead, 1915; Squier, 1877; Berthon, 191 1; Rivero 

 and von Tschudi, 185 1 ; and many other works. 



• Cf. Joyce, 1912, p. 125. 



