Contents. 253 



Page 



A. Preliminary Observations 395 



B. Formations of the Xer.\rch Series 396 



1. The Formation-types of Ordinary Uplands in the For- 



ested Region 396 



a. The Association-complexes of Well-drained Uplands 396 



b. The Association-complexes of Poorly Drained Up- 



lands 397 



2. The Formation-types of Ordinary Uplands in the Barrens 399 



a. The Association-complexes of Well-drained Uplands 399 



b. The Association-complexes of Poorly Drained Up- 



lands 413 



3. The Formation-types of Uplands along Streams 414 



The Association-complexes of Ravines and Valleys .... 414 



C. Formations of the Hydrarch Series 415 



1. The Formation-types of Lakes and Ponds 415 



a. Introductory 415 



b. The Association-comple.ves of Well-drained Lakes 



and Ponds 416 



c. The Association-complexes of Undrained Ponds .... 417 



2. The Formation-t3T)es of Lake-, Spring-, and Precipita- 



tion-swamps 418 



a. The Association-complexes of Well-drained Swamps 418 



b. The Association-complexes of Poorly Drained Swamps 419 



c. The Association-complexes of Undrained Swamps . . 422 



d. The Association-complexes of Raised Bogs 433 



3. The Formation-types of Swamps along Streams 456 



The Association-complexes of Ravines and Flood Plains 456 



SUMMARY 459 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 463 



INDEX OF TABLES 



I. Temperature and precipitation records at Sydney, Nova Scotia 270 

 II. Temperature and precipitation data at selected stations in 



eastern Canada 270 



III. Evaporation rate along the coast in northern Cape Breton 272 



I\". Temperature in the interior and along the coast of northern 



Cape Breton 273 



V. Quadrat studies in hardwood forest; Barrasois 286 



VI. Evaporation rate in various hahitats ; Barrasois 314 



