Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 283 



{Lonicera canadensis), withe-rod {Plburnum cassinoides) , 

 gooseberry (Ribes lacnstrc), dogberry (Cornns alternifolia), 

 and red-berried elder {Samhiicus raccmosa). The hobble bush 

 {Viburnum alnifolium), one of the most representative shrubs 

 of the climax forest throughout much of the transition region, 

 is very local in northern Cape Breton. 



The herbaceous vascular plants of the climax forest. — The 

 following list includes the more characteristic ferns and her- 

 baceous seed plants of the regional climax forest.*^ 



Fhegopteris polypodioides cc Epipactis tesselata co 



Polystichum acrostichoides fc Coralorrhi:^a macnlata co 



Polystichum Braunii If Actaea rubra cf 



Aspidium noveboracense fc Actaea alba Ir 



Aspidium Filix-mas Ic Oxalis Acetosella cf 



Aspidium marginale Ic Viola canadensis of 



Aspidium spinulosum var. cc Viola incognita cf 



Botrychium virginianum of Aralia nudicaulis cc 



Lycopodium lucidulum cc Sanicula marilandica of 



Carex arctata fo Pyrola clliptica cf 



Clintonia borealis cc Monotropa uniflora cf 



Smilacina raccmosa ff Monotropa Hypopitys fo 



Maianthcmum cana dense cc Trientalis americana cc 



Streptopus roscus cc Epifagus virginiana If 



Medeola virginiana ff Mitchella repens cf 



Trillium cernuum of Linnaea borealis americana of 



Habenaria orbiculata co Aster acuminatus cc 



Epipactis decipiens co 



Several species have been omitted from this list which are 

 characteristic of low-lying intervale forests, but not of climax 

 forests in general. These will be noted later. 



• In this and in several subsequent lists of the plants characteristic of 

 the climax association-type, an attempt has been made to indicate both 

 their general prevalence and their relative abundance when present. The 

 following symbols are used : c=^ common; f = frequent; =^ occasional; 

 r^=zrare; I = local. In each case two symbols are given, the first indicat- 

 ing merely the frequentness with which the species is represented (i. e., 

 is either present or absent) in associations of the climax type, the second 

 indicating its relative abundance, when present, in the individual associa- 

 tion. For various reasons it has not seemed feasible to carry out this 

 scheme in connection with other association-types. 



