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George E. Nichols, 



65, where area a-e is occupied by wet bog, and area e-f by bog 

 meadow. Frequently, as here, the two types of swamp alter- 

 nate on the same slope, while very commonly the wet bog which 

 occupies the floor of a shallow valley (Fig. 67) is separated from 

 the typical upland vegetation on either flank by strips of bog 

 meadow. 



Figure 68. — In foreground, wet bog association-type (same area as that 

 shown by Fig. 67), with pools due to activity of sphagnum (see text) ; in 

 background, low hill covered with forest scrub; barrens in mountains 

 west of Ingonish. 



So far as the vascular element in the vegetation is concerned, 

 the chief difference between this and the preceding association- 

 type is seen in the relatively greater abundance here of the shrubs. 

 Essentially the same list of seed plants is characteristic of each 

 swamp type, and both shrubs {Andromeda, Myrica, Chamae- 

 daphne, Vaccinium Oxy coccus, etc.) and herbaceous plants 

 {Scirpus, Rynchospora, Eriophorum, etc.) are well represented 



