Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 417 



Dulichiiim arnndinaccum Utricularia vulgaris 



Eleocharis palustris vigens Utricularia intermedia 



Scirpus snbterminalis 



The character of the marginal vegetation might perhaps more 

 appropriately be considered in connection with swamps, but two 

 phases will be briefly mentioned at this point. Between the 

 water's edge and the adjoining upland vegetation there may 

 occur only a narrow fringe of swamp thicket (Fig. 60), made up 

 of such shrubs as the following: 



Myrica Gale Nemopanthus mucronata 



Alnus incana Chamaedaphne calyculata 



Spiraea latifolia Kalmia angustifolia 



Rosa nitida Rhododendron canadense 



Ilex verticillata Viburmim cassinoides 



Elsewhere, however, intervening between this thicket and 

 ordinary summer low water mark there may be a strip of sandy 

 or rocky beach, of varying width, which supports an open swamp 

 association of an essentially pioneer type. Characteristic plants 

 of such a habitat are the following : 



Scapania nemorosa Drosera rofundifolia 



Sphagmtm sp. Hypericum canadense 



Lycopodium inundatum Hypericum virginicum 



Agrostis hyemalis Viola cuctdlata 



Carex filiformis Viola pollens 



Carex Michanxiana Bartonia iodandra 



Carex Oederi puniila Vaccinium macrocarpon 



Carex stelhdata Lycopus tmiflorus 



Juncus hrevicaudatus Utricularia cornuta 

 Ranunculus Flammula reptans Aster nemoralis 



Drosera I on gi folia Aster radula 



Very commonly, at least locally, the lake is bordered by 

 swamps of a more advanced type, but these are better considered 

 under the head of swamps. 



C. THE ASSOCIATION-COMPLEXES OF UNDRAINED PONDS 



In the number and abundance of seed plants, the aquatic vegeta- 

 tion of undrained ponds as a rule is inferior to that of well- 



