Vegetation of Northern Cape Breton. 



373 



Acrocladiuni cuspidatum 

 Onoclea sensibilis 

 Aspidium Thelypteris 

 Glycerin grandis 

 Calamagrostis canadensis 

 Carex crinita 

 Habenaria dilatata 



Sangnisorha canadensis 

 Impatiens fulva 

 Viola cucullata 

 Scutellaria galericulata 

 Chelone glabra 

 Eupatorium purpureum 

 Aster novi-bels[ii 



The edaphic climax association-type. — The condition of the 

 vegetation on parts of flood plains which He above ordinary high 

 tide level has been greatly modified by human activity, owing to 

 the suitability of such areas for raising hay, and the original 

 character of the vegetation here must be judged from the 

 fragmentary evidence which has survived. 



In wet meadows of the sort above described, the com- 

 mon occurrence of scattered shrubs, such as Alnus incana 

 and Myrica Gale, suggests that the present day meadow 

 association-type is of secondary origin ; and it is cer- 

 tain, from the conditions observed at Margaree Harbor, 

 Ingonish, and Aspy Bay, that in former days the higher parts 

 of flood-plains of the sort under consideration were occupied 

 by forests made up largely of elm, white ash, black ash, and 

 white spruce. Specimens of elm more than six feet in diameter 

 are occasionally encountered on flood plains. The characteristic 

 shrubs here include Salix sp., Alnus incana, Cornus stolonifera, 

 Viburnum Opulus americanum, and Sambucus canadensis. 

 Below is a list of the more distinctive herbaceous species of the 

 higher parts of flood plains, most of them being noted in all 

 three localities cited. 



Onoclea Struthiopteris 

 Onoclea sensibilis 

 Asplenium Filix-femina 

 Calamagrostis canadensis 

 Laportca canadensis 

 Thalictrum polygamum 

 Clematis virginiana 

 Agrimonia striata 

 Sanguisorba canadensis 

 Impatiens biflora 



Circaea intermedia 

 H eraclemn lanatum 

 Galium asprellum 

 Eupatorium purpureum 

 Solidago canadensis 

 Solidago rugosa 

 Aster novi-belgii 

 Aster puniceus 

 Aster umbellatus 



