BOOK I. 



We have five fragments of the first book, one of seven columns, the 

 others containing one column each. If we may make a rather large 

 generalization from so small a section we might say that the first book 

 contained an outline of the whole work. I have therefore reconstructed, 

 partly from references, partly by inference the following outline of the 

 book. The fragments which we possess come from the latter part of 

 the book. ' 



The first book contained : 



1. The dedication to Gaius. Cf. I, 223, 5. 



2. A statement of the purpose of the work : to criticize various views 

 of rhetoric, 



a. those of its supporters, 



b. those of its opponents, 



c. those of the extreme Epicureans who denied that sophistic 



rhetoric was an art, thus running counter to the doctrines 

 of Epicurus, Hermarchus and Metrodorus. Cf. I, 12. 



3. A discussion of the relation of the arts to one another, and of the 

 nature of an art, with especial reference to the errors into which both 

 supporters and opponents of rhetoric fall. Cf. I, i, ff. 



First a division of arts and sciences according to the relative necessity 

 of natural ability and training {(pvais and dcTK-qcns). 



Sudhaus 



Some sciences depend entirely on natural ability and need but I, i, fr. IV 

 little practice : some accomplish their purpose of and by them- ~ ^"PPl- 3- 

 selves, granted that the workman has the natural endowment 

 common to all the human race ; no practice is necessary ; some 

 do not need natural ability but only practice. 



In the case of some arts, their purpose can be accomplished 

 partially and reasonably well by those who have not studied the 

 principles of the art ; in other cases only the person technically 

 trained can succeed. 



Some say that an art must have definite rules, e. g". grammatice, I, a fi". Ill 

 others that an art is merely wisdom or skill (o-o<^ta), others require ~ ^ "^^ " 

 that it have a definite purpose, e. g. Plato^ ; others demand that 

 it shall tend to improve life.- 



^ Gorgias 503E. 



" Possibly Critolaus, cf. Sextus Empiricus Adv. Rhet. 10-12, 20. 



