Tlie Rlictorica of Philodemus. 269 



marians and dialecticians attain the end of rhetoric." Others I, 19, 12 ff. 

 do persuade, but the end of rhetoric is not to persuade but to r^^v ^^ ^^' 

 persuade in a rhetorical speech. The philosopher persuades by 

 force of logic, Phryne^ by her beauty ; neither persuades 

 rhetorically. 



(d) "An untrained person should not be able to excel one who I. 20. gff. = 

 has been trained in an art, but in rhetoric this sometimes occurs." "^^^ ' ^^' " 

 The untrained man may excel the trained man at times in a 

 conjectural art (o-ToxaorTLKi]) , but never in an exact science. But 



if the layman without experience be compared with a man trained 

 in the schools the comparison does not justify the conclusion that 

 sophistic and politics are not arts. 



(e) "In other arts the rules are true, in rhetoric they are I, 22, 11 ff. 

 false. "'^ (The reply is fragmentary but seems to mean) : The same Tgff"^^ ' ^^' 

 statement might be made about philosophy or medicine. In those 



some lay down principles which are not true, but the error of 

 some individuals does not prove that the whole subject is not an 

 art if properly treated. 



(f) (a) "The artist does not deny that he is an artist, but the I. 23. 4ff- = 

 rhetor does." The major premise is false. Some artists do deny 7^. ' 



that they have an art. 



(JS) "And yet if the meanest artists do not deny that they have 

 an art we should not expect the sophists to deny it."' But as 

 a matter of fact philosophers, geometricians, poets and physicians 

 sometimes do deny it. thinking thereby to allay the suspicions of 

 those who expect to be deceived. 



^ For Phryne cf. Quint. II, 15, 6 and 9; Athen. XIII, 590, 591; Sext. 

 Emp. Adv. Rhet. 4; Plut. Vit. Hyper, p. 849E. The story runs that 

 Phryne was accused of impiety, a capital charge, by one Euthias, and 

 defended by her lover Hyperides. When the latter saw that the jury was 

 likely to bring in a verdict of guilty he rent Phryne's robes and exposed 

 her breast, and thus won a verdict of acquittal. As we see from the 

 employment of this illustration by Quintilian in a similar context, this was 

 one of the stock arguments against rhetoric. Alciphron seems to be 

 answering this argument in Ep. I, 31, Bacchis to Phryne, when he says: 

 lji.7)8i Tots XiyovcxL ffoi, 6ti. el ixtj tov p^trwi'icrKov wepLprj^afjidvT] to. fiacTrdpia tois 

 diKaarah ^TreSet^as, oiid^v 6 p-qTup (h<p4\€i, ireiOov. Kat yap avrb tovto iva iv Kaip<2 

 y^vrjTaL (TOL, rj iKeivov vapi<Tx^ (rvpr]yopia. 



' For illustrations of the false rules of rhetoric v. Sext. Emp. Adv. 

 Rhet. 1012; Quint. II, 17, 18 ff; v. Excursus, p. 375. 



' This continues the thought of the quotation in the preceding paragraph. 



