The Rhctorica of Philodemus. 351 



philosophers, but he never studied Stoicism, but principles con- 

 trary to these. According- to Diogenes, only Stoicism makes 

 good citizens. ^^ 



If we cannot call Pericles a tolerable citizen I do not know II. 227, col. 



XXIT 

 whom in the cities he called good. 



One should not attend to the doctrines of the Stoics, but study II. 228, col. 



.,, , XXIII. 



with good men. 



Now that this subject is finished, perhaps some one will 



say . . . 



. . . says that Demosthenes, Callistratus and Themistocles JJi 229 



A r 1 • 1 Vlir, lOl. 



and all the other rhetors were not statesmen. After this he gg 



says that the Epicureans make clever speeches on many sub- col. XXIV. 



jects, and these are they who have experience in leading cities; 



and he grants earnestness to the rulers of cities, and does not 



class them with the wicked. 



At the end of col. XXXI p. 230 is found a phrase which by comparison 

 with I, 122, 17 can be restored to read, "From a study of political affairs 

 we can discover what is of advantage to the multitude." In I, 122 this is 

 part of a quotation from Metrodorus' work attacking the views of Nausi- 

 phanes. Nausiphanes' doctrine recurs in col. XXXII "The best rhetors 

 are trained by a study of natural science," to which Philodemus (Metro- 

 dorus) replies: "It is foolish to say that natural scientists make the best 

 rhetors." The name Metrodorus occurs again in col. XXIII, 1. 20, coupled 

 with Epicurus. A part at least of coll. XXV-XXXI dealt with Nausi- 

 phanes' principles, and an idea of its contents may be gained from Book 

 VI, particularly vol. II, pp. 24 ff. What follows is fragmentary up to 

 p. 240. 



Demosthenes, Lycurgus and Demades are not classed as H, 231, col. 



XXXII. 

 statesmen. 



What is more violent than saying that rhetoric promises H. 232, col. 



XXXIII 

 nothing except the power of speaking. It is plainly false that 



the power of speaking cannot include any of the other qualities 



which it professes to include. . . . rhetoric is better designed 



for the transaction of private than of public business. 



Power of speech can be considered from different standpoints. II, 233, col. 



When he mentions Themistocles and Pericles he means states- ^^^^^ ^ ■ 



men like Phocion ; if he named Isocrates and Matris he makes 



" On the relation of this theory to Cicero and Quintilian v. Rader- 

 macher, Rhein. Mus. LIV (1899) p. 290. Diogenes originated the idea of 

 the orator as being vir bonus dicendi peritus, and so starts a succession 

 which extends to Quintilian. 



