Tlic Rhctorica of Philodemiis. 361 



out states by selling- their interests. Now states have recog- 

 nized their ability, for the power of the state is increased under 

 their rule. 



The first is false. What he has not learned himself how could f"". XII. 

 he teach another who has never studied the question of advan- 

 tage? How could one refrain from accepting bribes, and from 

 base gain and deceit? 



y 



V 



The rhetor ought to be earnest. The perfect statesman is n, 283, fr. I. 

 acquainted with what is advantageous to the state. 



(Nothing.) fr. II. 



Demosthenes . . Aristodemus.^^ fr. III. 



— Diogenes seems to have seen this ; for all their attempts, fr. IV. 

 so to speak, are reducible to this one demonstration, that the 

 statesman always possesses all virtues. . . . 



Thus they will try to say that rhetoric is the same as the art II, 284, 

 of politics, however it is not selfsufticient for successful states- • • 

 manship, but needs some assistance in calming the passions. 



The huckster and the pilot ought to be vigorous and brave, fr- VI. 

 even if one adds "good."^*' He will be in still greater error, 

 and will run equal risk if he judges from the lives of those only 

 partly trained in philosophy who have lived wickedly, that 

 philosophy does not produce a happy life. 



If it is advantageous and proper for the statesman to be just II, 285, fr. 



• • VII 



and brave, the statesman would wisely be just and brave and 



prudent. Likewise he demonstrated a third point, as follows : 



One cannot be a statesman, unless one is brave and just, and 



in the possession of all virtues. 



The rhetors executed Socrates, bv making most wicked II. 286, fr. 



VIII 

 charges against him, as Plato says in the Apology — 



(Nothing.) fr. IX-XI. 



Management of states in the hands of cobblers. vi/^^' ' 



[Having shown] that rhetoric is not an art we shall fr. Xllb. 



now try to present the common faults found in most speeches, 



some of them perhaps in all. Our manner of refutation will be 



" Gellius, XI, 9, tells the story of Demosthenes receiving a bribe from 

 Miletus and boasting of it to Aristodemus. 

 " Cf. II, 233. 



