82 JOHN B. SMITH. 



tially as in Alypia. The neuration of Eudryas and AJi/pia agrees 

 essentially, and except in one point is like the typical Noctuid, and avS far 

 as it is possible to be from that of the typical Zi/gaenid. If any value 

 at all is to be accorded to venation in classification it is utterly impossible 

 that Zygaena and Alypia can remain in the same family. A comparison 

 of figures 23 and 27 will explain better than aey lengthy description. 

 The presence of an accessory cell, the distribution of veins therefrom and 

 the number and arrangement of veins of secondaries ; all are distinctively 

 noctuiform. The only diff"erence is that the internal vein of primaries is 

 not furcate at base. This character keeps Alypia and Eudryas out of 

 the Noctuidae. The difference is illustrated in figures 21 {Eudryas) 

 and 22 (^Noctiia). The structure of the frenae of the $ Zygaena has 

 been noted. Alypia and Eudryas have in the 9 two or three well 

 defined spines, very different from the bunch of stiff hair found in 

 Tiygaena. To this character I am inclined to attribute considerable 

 importance, because it is one which varies little or not at all in any group 

 in which it is present. Mr. Hulst informs me that some Notodontids 

 and Geometridae are like Zygaena in this respect. 



The structure of the % genitalia is very different from that of Zy- 

 gaena and the difference is not one of degree but of kind. The supra 

 anal plate is present, is corneous, triangular, and produced into a cylindric 

 curved hook (PI. 8, f. 20). This is a character distinctly marked in all 

 the Noctuidae and .such of the Bombycidae as I have examined, and is 

 distinct in the Sphingidae. The Hesperids are not unlike Zygaena in 

 this respect. The side pieces are semi-chitinous, thickened and somewhat 

 curved. (PI. Ill, f. 17). This structure is certainly entitled to great 

 weight in classification and should authorize the exclusion of Alypia from 

 the family in which Zygaena is placed. The only Zygaenoid feature in 

 the genus is the antenual structure, and even this is very unlike the genus 

 Zygaena. These members have been already described, and their only 

 departure from the normal Noctuid type is the slight thickening toward 

 the middle. This is not equally prominent in all species, and in itself is 

 not a controlling character, since in Zygaena even as restricted some of 

 the species have more or less filiform antennae. 



Alypia is much more nearly allied to Koctua than to Zygaena but is 

 entitled to family rank, its position being intermediate between the Arc- 

 tiids^ and Noctuids, with affinities toward the Zygaenidae. The distin- 

 guishing features of the family are the thickened antennae and the len- 

 ticular eyes, which do not occupy the entire side of the head. 



