78 JOHN B. SMITH. 



Mr. Stretch, too, has followed Dr. Packard implicitly. My own idea 

 had long been, that the family was too heterogeneous ; but as my studies 

 had been more especially in the noctuidae I had contented myself with 

 simply making occasional notes of observed peculiarities. The question 

 of adopting Eudryas as a noctuid, forced upon me by the opinion of so 

 good a Lepidopterist as Moesehler led me into an examination of some 

 of the genera, and the result of this examination and of the accumulated 

 notes is here given. 



The European genus Zygaena which is admittedly the type of the 

 family has 13 veins to primaries and 9 to the secondaries. Ino has 10 

 veins to the secondaries, three of them being " free" or internal veins. 

 The primaries have two distinct free or internal veins, no accessory cell, 

 and a somewhat constricted discal cell. The secondaries have an oblique 

 branch connecting the costal and subcostal. Figure 23 of Plate III 

 illustrates the venation of Zygaena. As stated, Dr. Packard seems to 

 place little reliance upon venation, but gives great weight to the form of 

 the head. This in Zygaena is broad, the front full, subquadrate ; the 

 eyes hemispherical. The antennae are situated midway between the eyes 

 and the middle of the head and are therefore rather approximate. Im- 

 mediately behind is a deep transverse fovea, at the extremes of which 

 the minute ocelli are situated. Behind this is a broad divided ridge over- 

 shadowing the base of antennae. Figures 1, 5 and 9 of Plate III illus- 

 trate the structure. All the examined species of Zygaena agree in this 

 head structure. Ino diflFers in having a normally smooth vertex and 

 epicranium and very large, prominent ocelli. The situation of the an- 

 tennae is as in Zygaena. 



No American form referred to the Zygaenidae agrees with Zygaena 

 in head structure, though Cossus Rohinae makes some approach to it ; 

 and no North American genus examined agrees with either Zygaena or 

 Ino in venation. The body structure of Zygaena and Ino practically agree 

 and it is peculiar by the strong development of the prothorax. The 

 pronotum is small, but distinctly visible, and the episterna are divided 

 (see pi. Ill f. 13), a character not paralleled in any N. A. genus. It may 

 be added here that the secondaries are frenate ; in the % a single stout 

 bristle as usual, in the 9 a bunch of 5 or more stiff hairs. 



The genital armature of the % is very simple, and very unlike that of 

 the lower moths. The ordinarily strongly marked supra-anal plate with 

 a well marked corneous hook is entirely wanting and only the broad 

 spoon-shaped side pieces are developed (See pi. Ill f. 16 and 18). 



