18S7.] PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 105 



tliere is uo record of its having been collected at or near the Asiatic 

 shores of the Pacific or Bering Sea. But in Kamtschatka, again, we 

 find a red-breasted form which, in general coloration, is extremely like 

 the true P. pyrrhula, the males only differing by the greater width and 

 the purer white of the alar band. This form, which Taczanowski has 

 named P. l-amtsehatica, is apparently separated from the western red- 

 breasted allies by the interposition of P. cassini, which is so remark- 

 ably distinct by the entire absence of red in the male. 



If we consider only the females we are confronted, however, with a 

 somewhat different problem, for it will be found that the western form, 

 P.pyrrhula, represents the brownest phase, and the Kamtschatkan sub- 

 species the grayest extremity, while the female P. cassini, intermediate 

 as it appears geographically, is also intermediate in coloration, being 

 grayer than P. pyrrJiula, but browner than P. Mmtscliatica. 



Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Lixx.). 



llbS.—Loxia pijrrhula Lixx., Syst. Nat., 10 ed., I, p. 171. 



1789.— Pyrrhula rubicilla Schaffer, Mus. Oru., p. 30 {nee Loxia ruhicilla Guldenst., 



1775, nee Coccothraustes r. Gill, 1781).— Pallas, Zoogr. Eoss. As., II, p. 7 



(18-26).— HOMEYER, J. f.Orn., 1879, p. 175.— /r/.. Ibid., 1880, p. 154.— Radde, 



Oru. Cancas., p. 180 (1884). 

 18-23.— Pyrrhula vulgaris Brehm, Lehrb. Eur, VOg., p. 172 {nee Temm. 18-20). —Mid- 



DEXi). Sibir. Reise I (p. 149) (1853).— NiLSSOX, Skand. Fauua, Fogl. 3 



ed. I, p. 524(1858).— Radue, Reis. Sud. Ost-Sibir. II, (p. 184) (1862).— FixscH, 



Zool. Bot. Ges. Wieu, 1879, p. 211.- Homeyer aud Taxcre, Mittl. Oru. 



Ver. Wieu, 1883, No. 5, p. 28.— Seeuohm, Brit. B. Eggs, II, p. 51 (1883). 

 1831.— Pyrrhula major Breii.m, Haudb. Vug. Deutscbl., p. 252.— Dresser, B. of Eur., 



IV, p. 97 (1876).— Newtox, Yarr., Brit. B., 4 ed. II, p. 170 (1877).— 



Stejxeger, N. Mag. Naturv., 1881, pp. 115, 117. 

 18A'L— Pyrrhula coccinea DE Selys, Fauue Beige (p. 79) {nee Emheriza cocciuea Gmel. 



178tS?)— Deglaxd, Oru. Eur., 1 ed. I, p. 187 (1849).— Degl. & Gerbe, Orn. 



Eur., 2 ed. I, p. 251 (1867).— Tristram, Ibis, 1871, p. 232.-1(1., J. f. Oru. 



1871, p. 316.— Taczan., J. f. Oru., 1873, p. 95.— W , ibid., 1874, p. 33G.— Id., 



ibid., 1875, p. 2bi.—Id., Bull. Soc. Zool. Frauce, 1876, p. 182. 

 18A9.— Pyrrhula vulgaris major Temm. & Schleg., Fauu. Jap. Av., p. 91.— Seebohm, 



Br. B. Eggs, II, p. 52 (1883). 

 1854. — Pyrrhula pyrrhula Liciitexsteix, Nom. Mus. BeroL, p. 48. 

 1871.— Pyrrhula rubicilla /j. coccinea Dubois, Cousp. Av. Eur., p. 18. 

 1873.— Pyrrhula cassini Taczaxowski, J. f. Oru., 1873, p. 95 {nee Baird). 

 1877. — Pyrrhula linnei Malm, Goteb. och Bohusl. Fauna, p. 194. 



Pyrrhula pyrrhula europaea (Vieill.). 



178\.—Coccothrausfes rubicilla Gill, Rom. Oru., I, p. 158 {nee Loxia riibieilla Guld. 

 1775).— Pyrrhula ruhicillaBosAP., Cousp. Av., I, p. 525(1851) (nfcSCHAFFER, 

 1789).— Tristram, Ibis, 1871, p. 232.— Id., J. f. Oru., 1871, p. 316. 



1787 .—Loxia pyrrhula Latham, Suppl. Synops., I, p. 285 {nee Lixx. 1758). 



1788. — 1 Emheriza coccinea Gmelix, Syst. Nat., I, p. 873. 



181Q,.—Pyrrhula europwa Vieill., N. Diet. d'H. Nat., IV, p. 286.— Leach, Sys. Cat. M. 

 B. Brit. Mus., p. 13 (1816).— Degland, Oru. Eur., 1 ed., I, p. 185 (1849).— Dres- 

 ser, B. of Eur., IV, p. 101 (1576).— Newton, Yarr., Brit. B., 4 ed. II, p. 

 166 (1877).— Stejxeger, N. Mag. Naturv., 1881, p. 113. 



